Advances in Z-drug detection

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Clinica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120329

Selen Al, Aykut Kul, Olcay Sagirli

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The use of Z-drugs (zolpidem, zaleplon, zopiclone, and eszopiclone) has increased in recent years, leading to a growing need for analytical methods to accurately and reliably detect these compounds in biological samples. This review comprehensively presents the latest developments in the analysis of Z-drugs in biological samples, examining methods such as LC-MS/MS, GC–MS/MS, and HPLC. These methods have been thoroughly evaluated in biological matrices (such as blood, plasma, serum, urine, and hair), with particular focus on characteristics like sample preparation technique, calibration range, LLOQ, analysis time, mobile phase, and column. Recent studies have shown that these methods are effective in routine toxicological analysis and forensic detection of drug abuse. This review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners involved in the detection and analysis of Z-drugs, contributing to a better understanding and management of both therapeutic and illicit use of these compounds.

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z型药物检测研究进展

近年来，z -药物（唑吡坦、扎来普隆、佐匹克隆和艾司佐匹克隆）的使用有所增加，导致越来越需要准确可靠地检测生物样品中这些化合物的分析方法。本文综述了生物样品中z类药物分析的最新进展，包括LC-MS/MS、GC-MS /MS、HPLC等检测方法。这些方法已经在生物基质（如血液、血浆、血清、尿液和头发）中进行了全面评估，特别关注样品制备技术、校准范围、定量限、分析时间、流动相和色谱柱等特征。近年来的研究表明，这些方法在药物滥用的常规毒理学分析和法医检测中是有效的。本文旨在为从事z -药物检测和分析的研究人员和从业人员提供宝贵的资源，有助于更好地了解和管理这些化合物的治疗和非法使用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinica Chimica Acta 医学-医学实验技术

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

2.00%

发文量

1268

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Clinica Chimica Acta is a high-quality journal which publishes original Research Communications in the field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, defined as the diagnostic application of chemistry, biochemistry, immunochemistry, biochemical aspects of hematology, toxicology, and molecular biology to the study of human disease in body fluids and cells. The objective of the journal is to publish novel information leading to a better understanding of biological mechanisms of human diseases, their prevention, diagnosis, and patient management. Reports of an applied clinical character are also welcome. Papers concerned with normal metabolic processes or with constituents of normal cells or body fluids, such as reports of experimental or clinical studies in animals, are only considered when they are clearly and directly relevant to human disease. Evaluation of commercial products have a low priority for publication, unless they are novel or represent a technological breakthrough. Studies dealing with effects of drugs and natural products and studies dealing with the redox status in various diseases are not within the journal''s scope. Development and evaluation of novel analytical methodologies where applicable to diagnostic clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, including point-of-care testing, and topics on laboratory management and informatics will also be considered. Studies focused on emerging diagnostic technologies and (big) data analysis procedures including digitalization, mobile Health, and artificial Intelligence applied to Laboratory Medicine are also of interest.