Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the Adaptive Immune System in Cardiovascular Diseases

Chemical & Biomedical Imaging Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI:10.1021/cbmi.4c0011710.1021/cbmi.4c00117

Jaume Ramon Otaegui, Deborah Sultan, Gyu Seong Heo and Yongjian Liu*,

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death around the globe. In recent years, a crucial role of the immune system has been acknowledged in cardiac disease progression, opening the door for immunomodulatory therapies. To this ongoing change of paradigm, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the immune system has become a remarkable tool to reveal immune cell trafficking and monitor disease progression and treatment response. Currently, PET imaging of the immune system in cardiovascular disease mainly focuses on the innate immune system such as macrophages, while the immune cells of the adaptive immune system including B and T cells are less studied. This can be ascribed to the lack of radiotracers specifically binding to B and T cell biomarkers compatible with PET imaging within the cardiovascular system. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of the adaptive immune system (e.g., B and T cells) in major cardiovascular diseases and introduce key biomarkers for specific targeting of these immune cells and their subpopulations. Finally, we present available radiotracers for these biomarkers and propose a pathway for developing probes or optimizing those already used in other fields (e.g., oncology) to make them compatible with the cardiovascular system.

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心血管疾病中适应性免疫系统的正电子发射断层成像

心血管疾病是全球死亡的主要原因。近年来，免疫系统在心脏病进展中的关键作用已被承认，为免疫调节疗法打开了大门。随着这种范式的不断变化，免疫系统的正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像已成为揭示免疫细胞运输和监测疾病进展和治疗反应的重要工具。目前，心血管疾病免疫系统的PET成像主要集中在巨噬细胞等先天免疫系统，而对B细胞、T细胞等适应性免疫系统的免疫细胞研究较少。这可以归因于缺乏与心血管系统内PET成像兼容的B细胞和T细胞生物标志物特异性结合的放射性示踪剂。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于适应性免疫系统（如B细胞和T细胞）在主要心血管疾病中的作用的知识，并介绍了特异性靶向这些免疫细胞及其亚群的关键生物标志物。最后，我们提出了这些生物标志物的可用放射性示踪剂，并提出了开发探针或优化已在其他领域（例如肿瘤学）使用的探针的途径，以使其与心血管系统兼容。

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来源期刊

Chemical & Biomedical Imaging 化学与生物成像-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Chemical & Biomedical Imaging is a peer-reviewed open access journal devoted to the publication of cutting-edge research papers on all aspects of chemical and biomedical imaging. This interdisciplinary field sits at the intersection of chemistry physics biology materials engineering and medicine. The journal aims to bring together researchers from across these disciplines to address cutting-edge challenges of fundamental research and applications.Topics of particular interest include but are not limited to:Imaging of processes and reactionsImaging of nanoscale microscale and mesoscale materialsImaging of biological interactions and interfacesSingle-molecule and cellular imagingWhole-organ and whole-body imagingMolecular imaging probes and contrast agentsBioluminescence chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence imagingNanophotonics and imagingChemical tools for new imaging modalitiesChemical and imaging techniques in diagnosis and therapyImaging-guided drug deliveryAI and machine learning assisted imaging