A network analysis of skill-specific internal migration flows in Italy

Abstract

Internal migration plays a crucial role in shaping regional economies and governance. To gain insights into this phenomenon, we propose conducting a network analysis of migration flow data among Italian provinces from 2002 to 2023, with a focus on eliminating irrelevant connections. This approach combines network filtering and clustering techniques, which refine the network structure to highlight meaningful connections and make mobility trends easier to interpret. Unlike traditional methods, which often struggle with complex or fragmented migration data, our approach enables us to identify both persistent migration hubs and emerging shifts in regional mobility. Our findings confirm the central role of northern provinces such as Milan, Turin, and Bologna, but also reveal a strengthening of connections between Southern areas like Naples and Bari, suggesting a growing regional appeal. While South-North migration remains dominant, high-skilled individuals are increasingly choosing Rome and other central provinces, indicating a diversification in migration patterns. Similar trends emerge for low-skilled workers, although age-related differences influence distinct mobility routes. These results offer actionable insights for policymakers. By investing in research, innovation, and entrepreneurial development in the South, improving university quality and academic infrastructure, strengthening connections between education and the local labour market, and enhancing infrastructure for remote work, South-North migrations and inequalities could be mitigated. Through a clear and accessible analysis, this study provides a practical tool for designing policies that promote more balanced regional development.