Effect of high temperature and irradiation on the near-surface microstructure of YHx

IF 8.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.363

Ying Li , Xuyang Shang , Keke Hou , Yajuan Zhong , Jun Lin

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Abstract

To study the microstructural evolution of Yttrium hydride (YH_x) under operational conditions, the surface phase transformation, morphology, and microstructure of YH_x samples fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were characterized after high-temperature proton irradiation and isochronous annealing. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) results showed that yttrium oxide formed in all irradiated and annealed samples. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed surface blistering, which is related to the irradiation dose. The near-surface microstructure was further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed the presence of voids near the surface. Irradiated samples exhibited a higher number density of cavities and a reduction in cavity size compared to the isochronous annealing samples. Temperature and irradiation-induced vacancies were found to contribute to increased hydrogen mobility and hydrogen dissociation, as revealed by density functional theory (DFT). The mechanism underlying the evolution of the near-surface microstructure, including void formation and surface blistering, was thereby elucidated.

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高温和辐照对YHx近表面微观结构的影响

为了研究氢化钇（YHx）在操作条件下的微观组织演变，对火花等离子烧结（SPS）制备的YHx样品经过高温质子辐照和等时退火后的表面相变、形貌和微观结构进行了表征。掠入射x射线衍射（GIXRD）结果表明，所有辐照和退火样品均形成氧化钇。扫描电镜（SEM）观察发现表面起泡，这与辐照剂量有关。透射电子显微镜（TEM）进一步表征了近表面微观结构，表明近表面存在孔洞。与等时退火样品相比，辐照样品显示出更高的空腔数密度和更小的空腔尺寸。根据密度泛函理论（DFT）发现，温度和辐照诱导的空位有助于氢迁移率和氢解离的增加。从而阐明了近表面微观结构演变的机制，包括空洞的形成和表面起泡。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 工程技术-环境科学

CiteScore

13.50

自引率

25.00%

发文量

3502

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： The objective of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is to facilitate the exchange of new ideas, technological advancements, and research findings in the field of Hydrogen Energy among scientists and engineers worldwide. This journal showcases original research, both analytical and experimental, covering various aspects of Hydrogen Energy. These include production, storage, transmission, utilization, enabling technologies, environmental impact, economic considerations, and global perspectives on hydrogen and its carriers such as NH3, CH4, alcohols, etc. The utilization aspect encompasses various methods such as thermochemical (combustion), photochemical, electrochemical (fuel cells), and nuclear conversion of hydrogen, hydrogen isotopes, and hydrogen carriers into thermal, mechanical, and electrical energies. The applications of these energies can be found in transportation (including aerospace), industrial, commercial, and residential sectors.