Progress Toward Antigenic Epitopes of African Swine Fever Virus and Their Identification

IF 3.5 2区农林科学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI:10.1155/tbed/2111189

Xingjun Ke, Zhi Cao, Zhen Weng, Yin Xie, Fengyu Wu, Xinzhu Liu, Shiying Zhou, Mengjie Lian, Tongyu Liu, Ruize Sun, Lerong Ma, Aishi Xu, Jiaqi Wang, Hongsheng Ouyang, Linzhu Ren, Daxin Pang, Dongmei Lv

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Abstract

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes pigs to develop high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory distress, with an exceptionally high case fatality rate. Unfortunately, vaccine development is hindered by a limited understanding of the structure and function of the protein encoded by ASFV, as well as the mechanisms underlying infection and immunity. Among these factors, the lack of effective cellular epitopes represents a major obstacle to vaccine development. Epitopes serve as the smallest structural units capable of inducing immune responses and are critical targets for both vaccine design and diagnostic reagent development. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate antigens with high immunogenicity and elucidate their correlation with protective immune responses to provide scientific insights and a theoretical foundation for developing safe and effective ASFV vaccines. Currently, thorough reviews on the identification and functional characterization of ASFV antigenic epitopes remain scarce. To address this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive review of ASFV epitopes and their identification strategies. It initiates with a systematic classification of ASFV antigenic epitopes, followed by an extensive discussion of various methods for identifying ASFV epitopes, along with their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the paper summarizes existing databases of characterized ASFV antigenic epitopes and highlights the most biologically significant ones. In addition, the paper explores emerging applications of ASFV epitopes while addressing the technical challenges in epitope-based research to provide valuable insights for ASFV vaccine development and production.

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非洲猪瘟病毒抗原表位及其鉴定进展

非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）是一种高度传染性病原体，可导致猪出现高烧、呕吐、腹泻和呼吸窘迫，病死率极高。不幸的是，由于对非洲猪瘟病毒编码蛋白质的结构和功能以及感染和免疫机制的了解有限，疫苗的开发受到阻碍。在这些因素中，缺乏有效的细胞表位是疫苗开发的主要障碍。表位是能够诱导免疫应答的最小结构单元，是疫苗设计和诊断试剂开发的关键靶标。因此，研究具有高免疫原性的抗原，阐明其与保护性免疫应答的相关性，为研制安全有效的ASFV疫苗提供科学依据和理论基础。目前，关于非洲猪瘟抗原表位的鉴定和功能特征的深入研究仍然很少。为了弥补这一空白，本文对非洲猪瘟病毒表位及其鉴定策略进行了全面的综述。本文首先对ASFV抗原表位进行了系统的分类，然后广泛讨论了鉴定ASFV抗原表位的各种方法，以及它们的优点和局限性。此外，本文还对已有的ASFV抗原表位数据库进行了总结，并突出了具有重要生物学意义的抗原表位。此外，本文还探讨了ASFV表位的新兴应用，同时解决了基于表位研究的技术挑战，为ASFV疫苗的开发和生产提供了有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 农林科学-传染病学

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

9.30%

发文量

350

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Transboundary and Emerging Diseases brings together in one place the latest research on infectious diseases considered to hold the greatest economic threat to animals and humans worldwide. The journal provides a venue for global research on their diagnosis, prevention and management, and for papers on public health, pathogenesis, epidemiology, statistical modeling, diagnostics, biosecurity issues, genomics, vaccine development and rapid communication of new outbreaks. Papers should include timely research approaches using state-of-the-art technologies. The editors encourage papers adopting a science-based approach on socio-economic and environmental factors influencing the management of the bio-security threat posed by these diseases, including risk analysis and disease spread modeling. Preference will be given to communications focusing on novel science-based approaches to controlling transboundary and emerging diseases. The following topics are generally considered out-of-scope, but decisions are made on a case-by-case basis (for example, studies on cryptic wildlife populations, and those on potential species extinctions): Pathogen discovery: a common pathogen newly recognised in a specific country, or a new pathogen or genetic sequence for which there is little context about — or insights regarding — its emergence or spread. Prevalence estimation surveys and risk factor studies based on survey (rather than longitudinal) methodology, except when such studies are unique. Surveys of knowledge, attitudes and practices are within scope. Diagnostic test development if not accompanied by robust sensitivity and specificity estimation from field studies. Studies focused only on laboratory methods in which relevance to disease emergence and spread is not obvious or can not be inferred (“pure research” type studies). Narrative literature reviews which do not generate new knowledge. Systematic and scoping reviews, and meta-analyses are within scope.