Characterization, Sources, and Risk Assessment of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bengbu, China

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-08019-6

Dalin Zhou, Liu Chen, Wanru Wang, Haitao Diao, Danchen Wu, Zhijing Ma, Mengmeng Liu, Tianer Zhang, Jing Yang, Quan Zhen

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Abstract

To comprehensively investigate the concentrations, characteristics, sources, and health implications of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Bengbu, an extensive was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022. A total of 343 PM_2.5 samples were collected and the 16 priority PAHs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The mean concentrations of the total airborne PAHs varied seasonally, with levels of 3.65 ± 3.11 ng/m³ in spring, 1.96 ± 0.56 ng/m³ in summer, 5.38 ± 3.47 ng/m³ in autumn, and 14.47 ± 7.13 ng/m³ in winter, resulting in an annual average of 6.47 ± 6.47 ng/m³. The PAHs were positively correlated with PM_2.5, NO₂, CO and SO₂ (p < 0.05), but were negatively correlated with O₃ and temperature (p < 0.05). Traffic emissions, coal and biomass combustion, and petroleum volatilization were the main sources of PAHs in Bengbu, with these sources contributing 44.1%, 31.6%, and 24.2% to the annual average concentrations, respectively. The Yangtze River Delta region was the primary source area of PAH pollution during summer, while North China had more influence as a source area during the other seasons. The average annual incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) reached 6.94 × 10^–5, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk for adults. Transportation sources had the most influence on the ILCR and were responsible for 48.71% of the total PAHs.

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蚌埠地区pm2.5多环芳烃特征、来源及风险评估

为了全面调查蚌埠市多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度、特征、来源和健康影响，从2021年10月到2022年9月进行了广泛的研究。共采集PM2.5样本343份，采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）对16种重点多环芳烃进行测定。空气中总多环芳烃的平均浓度随季节变化，春季为3.65±3.11 ng/m3，夏季为1.96±0.56 ng/m3，秋季为5.38±3.47 ng/m3，冬季为14.47±7.13 ng/m3，年平均值为6.47±6.47 ng/m3。多环芳烃与PM2.5、NO2、CO、SO2呈显著正相关（p < 0.05），与O3、温度呈显著负相关（p < 0.05）。交通排放、煤炭和生物质燃烧、石油挥发是蚌埠市多环芳烃的主要来源，分别占年平均浓度的44.1%、31.6%和24.2%。长三角地区是夏季多环芳烃污染的主要源区，华北地区是其他季节多环芳烃污染的主要源区。平均年终身递增癌症风险（ILCR）达到6.94 × 10-5，表明成人存在潜在的致癌风险。运输源对ILCR的影响最大，占总PAHs的48.71%。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.