Solidwood-derived carbon modified by a S-doping process of self-gasification toward an anode in sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

Hard carbons play a pivotal role in a commercial proceed of Na-ion battery as it must be continually modified by some strategy, e. g. the self-support effect, optimal interlayer spacing, active site. Herein, it is reported that 3D basswood-derived carbon for the negative electrode in sodium ion batteries has been doped by a sulfur selfgasification. It is discovered that different high-temperature basswood-derived carbon can been dilated the interlayer distance of carbon, furthermore, most effectual expansion of inter-layer spacing has applied the carbonization of the highest-temperature process. S-doped procedure in S-SHCs has modified the disorderness of carbon, at same time, the structural defects and pore tuning in S-SHC-1300 has been most developed. S-SHC-1300 had been detected the best rate performance, with a specific capacity of 394.1 mAh g⁻¹ under a current density of 25 mA g⁻¹. And then, 72.55 % of the original reversible specific capacity was still held by the proposed electrode after 4500 long-term cycles at a current of 1 A g⁻¹. These discoveries can innovate a potential avenue for studying the interaction between the Na-ion storage performance and S-doped procedure, of course, helping to comprehend the anode performance underlying the micro-structure and chemistry composition.