Cascade and effective utilization of medium and deep geothermal energy: A comprehensive review and application prospects

IF 9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2025.136219

Hainan Zhang , Yin Li , Tao Ding , Shuangquan Shao , Yanhui Feng

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Abstract

Geothermal energy has great potential in the green transformation of energy. The utilization of medium and deep geothermal energy should be considered from the comprehensive perspectives of underground and aboveground systems, energy cascade utilization, and tailored solutions. Currently, there is a lack of reviews covering these aspects. This paper comprehensively reviews the cascade development and effective utilization technology of medium and deep geothermal energy, focusing on the research progress of underground extraction and aboveground utilization systems. The underground technology includes U-shaped well, downhole coaxial heat exchanger and super-long gravity heat pipe, and the heat extraction efficiency is optimized by closed-loop design. The aboveground system combines power generation (such as organic Rankine cycle), heating and multi-stage co-production modes, and integrates solar energy, heat pump and phase change heat storage technologies to improve energy efficiency. Technical and economic optimization and system integration are the key to large-scale application. Taking Xiong'an New Area in China as an example, the differential development strategy of multi-temperature geothermal reservoirs and the cascade mode are discussed. The Xiong'an demonstration case verifies the feasibility and low-carbon potential of cascade utilization, and the suggestions provide a reference for similar geothermal areas in the world.

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中深层地热能梯级有效利用综述及应用前景

地热能在能源绿色转型中具有巨大的潜力。中深层地热能利用应从地下和地上系统综合、能量梯级利用、量身定制解决方案等角度进行考虑。目前，缺乏对这些方面的评论。本文综述了中深层地热能梯级开发和有效利用技术，重点介绍了地下开采和地上利用系统的研究进展。地下技术包括u形井、井下同轴换热器和超长重力热管，并采用闭环设计优化抽热效率。地上系统结合发电（如有机朗肯循环）、供热和多级联产模式，并集成太阳能、热泵和相变蓄热技术，提高能源效率。技术经济优化和系统集成是实现大规模应用的关键。以雄安新区为例，探讨了多温地热储层的差异化开发策略和梯级模式。雄安的示范案例验证了梯级利用的可行性和低碳潜力，提出的建议为世界类似地热地区提供了参考。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

15.30

自引率

14.40%

发文量

审稿时长

14.2 weeks

期刊介绍： Energy is a multidisciplinary, international journal that publishes research and analysis in the field of energy engineering. Our aim is to become a leading peer-reviewed platform and a trusted source of information for energy-related topics. The journal covers a range of areas including mechanical engineering, thermal sciences, and energy analysis. We are particularly interested in research on energy modelling, prediction, integrated energy systems, planning, and management. Additionally, we welcome papers on energy conservation, efficiency, biomass and bioenergy, renewable energy, electricity supply and demand, energy storage, buildings, and economic and policy issues. These topics should align with our broader multidisciplinary focus.