Recent advances in MOF-modified electrochemical sensor for point-of-care detecting cardiac biomarkers

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a major concern all over the world due to the elevated morbidity and mortality rates. The rapid identification and treatment of CVDs has become a crucial challenge in saving life. In the past decade, electrochemical sensing technology has established a novel domain for the accurate detection of CVDs due to their simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, and low cost. To achieve optimal sensing performance, the creation of functional electrode materials with high electron transfer efficiency, large surface area, and excellent electrocatalytic activities is required. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive options for the identification of cardiac biomarkers due to their multifunctional properties. MOFs exhibit large surface areas, structural tunability and porous architectures, fulfilling all requirements for use as sensing materials for the accurate identification of cardiac biomarkers. This work provides a brief discussion about several cardiac biomarkers and their association with disease severity. Then, the properties, fabrication processes, parameters, and functionalization strategies of MOFs have been emphasized. The review summarizes the latest advancement of MOF-based electrochemical/hybrid electrochemical sensors for the ultrasensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers. Furthermore, this review explores current obstacles, highlights the prospects, and discusses the opportunities of point-of-care (POC) technologies for the detection of cardiac biomarkers.