Single electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator integrated pacemaker lead for cardiac energy harvesting

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116606

Akshpreet Kaur , Shivam Jadaun , Manthan Sharma , Ankur Gupta , Gaurav Sapra

{"title":"Single electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator integrated pacemaker lead for cardiac energy harvesting","authors":"Akshpreet Kaur , Shivam Jadaun , Manthan Sharma , Ankur Gupta , Gaurav Sapra","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2025.116606","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) are a part of paradigm shift that is on horizon in the field of cardiac energy harvesting for powering pacemakers. However, such designs require highly invasive thoracotomies resulting in low chances of technology advancing to human clinical trials. In this work, an innovative Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) – Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based Single Electrode (SE) TENG is developed and integrated to the pacemaker leads for effectively harnessing energy from the movements of the pacemaker lead due to cardiac motion. Finite element simulations are conducted on the pacemaker lead for comprehensive understanding of its deformation behaviour and fluid dynamic characteristics. An inventive approach is employed to non-invasively investigate the dynamics of pacemaker lead in different patients. Experimentally, a novel Pacemaker Lead Motion Simulator (PLMS) system is developed for performing rigorous in-vitro tests of SE-TENG integrated pacemaker lead. The maximum peak-to-peak open circuit voltage of SE-TENG corresponding to complex motion of pacemaker lead (12 mm - 60°) is 1.44 V aligning with the pacemaker lead motions in patient 1. The PLMS system is further modified to analyse the performance of SE-TENG in liquid environment generating output of 0.4 V at 25 mm Hg pressure. Furthermore, power management system is designed to directly power a commercial pacemaker. This innovation eliminates the reliance on batteries showcasing its potential to enhance comfort, minimise invasiveness and improve long-term health outcomes while setting new standards particularly for paediatric patients thereby making a global impact with sustainable cardiac care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 116606"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424725004121","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) are a part of paradigm shift that is on horizon in the field of cardiac energy harvesting for powering pacemakers. However, such designs require highly invasive thoracotomies resulting in low chances of technology advancing to human clinical trials. In this work, an innovative Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) – Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based Single Electrode (SE) TENG is developed and integrated to the pacemaker leads for effectively harnessing energy from the movements of the pacemaker lead due to cardiac motion. Finite element simulations are conducted on the pacemaker lead for comprehensive understanding of its deformation behaviour and fluid dynamic characteristics. An inventive approach is employed to non-invasively investigate the dynamics of pacemaker lead in different patients. Experimentally, a novel Pacemaker Lead Motion Simulator (PLMS) system is developed for performing rigorous in-vitro tests of SE-TENG integrated pacemaker lead. The maximum peak-to-peak open circuit voltage of SE-TENG corresponding to complex motion of pacemaker lead (12 mm - 60°) is 1.44 V aligning with the pacemaker lead motions in patient 1. The PLMS system is further modified to analyse the performance of SE-TENG in liquid environment generating output of 0.4 V at 25 mm Hg pressure. Furthermore, power management system is designed to directly power a commercial pacemaker. This innovation eliminates the reliance on batteries showcasing its potential to enhance comfort, minimise invasiveness and improve long-term health outcomes while setting new standards particularly for paediatric patients thereby making a global impact with sustainable cardiac care.

查看原文本刊更多论文

用于心脏能量收集的单电极摩擦纳米发电机集成起搏器导联

摩擦电纳米发电机（TENGs）是为心脏起搏器提供能量的心脏能量收集领域即将发生的范式转变的一部分。然而，这种设计需要高度侵入性的开胸手术，导致技术发展到人体临床试验的机会很低。在这项工作中，开发了一种创新的基于多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT) -聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）的单电极（SE） TENG，并将其集成到起搏器导联中，以有效地利用由心脏运动引起的起搏器导联运动产生的能量。为了全面了解起搏器导线的变形特性和流体动力学特性，对其进行了有限元仿真。采用一种创造性的方法来无创地研究不同患者起搏器导联的动态。实验上，我们开发了一种新型的起搏器导线运动模拟器（PLMS）系统，用于对SE-TENG集成起搏器导线进行严格的体外测试。与患者1起搏器导联复杂运动（12 mm - 60°）对应的SE-TENG最大峰间开路电压为1.44 V，与患者1的起搏器导联运动一致。进一步改进了PLMS系统，分析了SE-TENG在液体环境下的性能，在25 mm Hg压力下产生0.4 V的输出。此外，电源管理系统旨在直接为商用起搏器供电。这项创新消除了对电池的依赖，展示了其提高舒适度、减少侵入性和改善长期健康结果的潜力，同时为儿科患者设定了新的标准，从而对可持续的心脏护理产生了全球影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...