European Lives and Deaths – Atlantic Revival? The Europeanness of the League of Nations’ Protracted Demise

IF 0.3 3区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY
Karen Gram-Skjoldager, Haakon Andreas Ikonomou
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Abstract

In this article, we revisit the story of the League of Nations’ (1919–1946) death. Throughout its existence, the League served as an instrument for a series of important experiments in organising European politics and negotiating Europe's place in the wider global order. To understand the League's demise and legacy, we need to study these different conceptions of Europe, their shortcomings, failures and legacies. The article explores three such conceptions: (1) the Eurocentric civilisational order that played a foundational role in the early 1920s; (2) the European regional agenda that rose to prominence as a product of the French-German rapprochement of the late 1920s; and (3) the new technocratic visions of regional European cooperation that were associated with a deteriorating international political climate in the 1930s. The Atlantic heritage, with the transfer of experiences, functions and personnel from the League to the UN during and after the World War II, is addressed in the article's fourth and final sections. Our argument is that these European visions were attempts to manage the turbulent and skewed post-war world order by an Eurocentric organisation that from its very inception was hampered by the fact that one of its chief designers, namely the United States, opted not to join. In a broader perspective, we show that in order to understand how international organisations die, we should work with a deeper historical perspective that considers the effects of their various life stages.
欧洲人的生死——大西洋复兴?国际联盟(League of Nations)长期消亡的欧洲特征
在本文中,我们将重温国际联盟(1919-1946)灭亡的故事。在其存在的整个过程中,国联在组织欧洲政治和协商欧洲在更广泛的全球秩序中的地位方面发挥了一系列重要实验的工具作用。要了解联盟的消亡和遗产,我们需要研究这些不同的欧洲概念,它们的缺点、失败和遗产。本文探讨了三个这样的概念:(1)20世纪20年代初起基础性作用的以欧洲为中心的文明秩序;(2)作为20世纪20年代末法德和解的产物,欧洲地区议程变得突出;(3)与上世纪30年代不断恶化的国际政治气候有关的欧洲区域合作的新技术官僚愿景。在第二次世界大战期间和之后,大西洋遗产与经验、职能和人员从国际联盟转移到联合国,将在文章的第四节和最后一节中讨论。我们的观点是,这些欧洲愿景是一个以欧洲为中心的组织试图管理动荡和扭曲的战后世界秩序的努力,而这个组织从一开始就受到其主要设计者之一美国选择不加入的阻碍。从更广泛的角度来看,我们表明,为了理解国际组织是如何消亡的,我们应该从更深入的历史角度来考虑它们不同生命阶段的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
42
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