Alkylammonium Salt as Additives to Expand the Processing Window of Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells Made in Ambient Air

IF 13 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Small Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI:10.1002/smll.202503214

Jing Lv, Jilin Wang, Yuanhang Cheng, Jiaonan Sun, Menglan Lv, Ke Jin, Fei Long, Aurora Rizzo, Feng Hao, Keyou Yan, Jingjing Chang, Chenyi Yi, Junqiao Ding, Yong Ding, Chuantian Zuo, Liming Ding

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Abstract

Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites are critical for advancing tandem solar cell technology, yet their fabrication remains constrained by narrow processing windows and environmental instability. A synergistic alkylammonium salt additive strategy coupled with a mild gas-flow-assisted crystallization method is presented to produce ambient-air-processed WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with improved reproducibility and scalability. Co-utilizing long-chain alkylammonium chlorides (xACls) and methylammonium chloride (MACl) reduced gas-flow speed requirements while expanding the crystallization kinetics window, suppressing non-radiative recombination and defects, which are verified by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), in situ UV–vis spectroscopy, and XRD. High-quality Cs_0.2FA_0.8PbI_2.3Br_0.7 films are successfully prepared under a low gas flow speed (≈2.7 m s⁻¹), which is much lower than the traditional gas quenching method (>26 m s⁻¹). Cs_0.2FA_0.8PbI_2.3Br_0.7 solar cells made by using 12ACl/MACl additives yielded a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.72% (V_oc: 1.238 V), which is among the highest efficiency for WBG PSCs made in ambient air. This method has the advantages of high humidity tolerance (PCE >19% for cells made under 20–65% RH), compatibility with cost-effective fan drying, elimination of anti-solvents, and >70% inert gas-flow intensity reduction, establishing an eco-friendly scalable protocol that bridges lab-to-industry translation for high-performance WBG PSCs.

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烷基铵盐作为添加剂扩大空气环境下宽禁带钙钛矿太阳能电池的加工窗口

宽禁带钙钛矿（WBG）对于推进串联太阳能电池技术至关重要，但其制造仍然受到狭窄的加工窗口和环境不稳定性的限制。提出了一种协同烷基铵盐添加剂策略，结合温和的气流辅助结晶方法，生产环境空气处理的WBG钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs），具有更高的可重复性和可扩展性。利用长链烷基氯化铵（xACls）和甲基氯化铵（MACl）降低了气体流速要求，同时扩大了结晶动力学窗口，抑制了非辐射重组和缺陷，这一点通过荧光寿命成像显微镜（FLIM）、原位紫外可见光谱和XRD得到了验证。在较低的气淬速度（≈2.7 ms−1）下成功制备出高质量的Cs0.2FA0.8PbI2.3Br0.7薄膜，远低于传统气淬方法（>26 ms−1）。使用12ACl/MACl添加剂制备的Cs0.2FA0.8PbI2.3Br0.7太阳能电池的功率转换效率（PCE）为19.72% (Voc: 1.238 V)，是在环境空气中制备的WBG PSCs的最高效率之一。该方法具有高耐湿性（在20-65% RH条件下制造的电池PCE为19%），与成本效益高的风机干燥兼容，消除反溶剂，惰性气体流动强度降低70%，建立了一个环保的可扩展协议，为高性能WBG psc的实验室到工业转化搭建了桥梁。

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来源期刊

Small 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

17.70

自引率

3.80%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Small serves as an exceptional platform for both experimental and theoretical studies in fundamental and applied interdisciplinary research at the nano- and microscale. The journal offers a compelling mix of peer-reviewed Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments. With a remarkable 2022 Journal Impact Factor of 13.3 (Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics, 2023), Small remains among the top multidisciplinary journals, covering a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Small's readership includes biochemists, biologists, biomedical scientists, chemists, engineers, information technologists, materials scientists, physicists, and theoreticians alike.