Rapid technological progress in white light-emitting diodes and its source in innovation and technology spillovers

IF 49.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Nature Energy Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI:10.1038/s41560-025-01757-1

Michael P. Weinold, Sergey Kolesnikov, Laura Díaz Anadón

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Since their introduction to the market in 1996, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have greatly improved in performance, efficiency and manufacturing cost. Understanding the extent and mechanisms of rapid progress in white LED technology can provide valuable insights for accelerating innovation in other demand-side clean energy technologies critical for reducing global carbon emissions. Here we show, through cost and performance modelling based on data from literature review, patent analysis and expert interviews, that the efficiency of top-performing warm white GaN-based LED packages increased from 5.8% in 2003 to 38.8% in 2020. Over the same period, the manufacturing cost of low-to-mid-power LED packages decreased by 95.5% from US$1.1 to US$0.05 (in 2020 US dollars). We find that technology spillovers from other sectors accounted for at least 8.5% of efficiency improvements and nearly all consumer experience enhancements, playing an important role in widespread LED adoption in lighting.

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白光二极管的快速技术进步及其创新和技术溢出的根源

自1996年进入市场以来，白光发光二极管（led）在性能、效率和制造成本方面都有了很大的提高。了解白光LED技术快速发展的程度和机制，可以为加速其他需求侧清洁能源技术的创新提供有价值的见解，这些技术对减少全球碳排放至关重要。通过基于文献综述、专利分析和专家访谈数据的成本和性能建模，我们发现，高性能暖白光gan基LED封装的效率从2003年的5.8%提高到2020年的38.8%。同期，中低功率LED封装的制造成本从1.1美元下降到0.05美元（以2020年美元计算），下降了95.5%。我们发现，来自其他行业的技术溢出至少占效率提高的8.5%，几乎所有的消费者体验增强，在LED在照明中的广泛采用中发挥着重要作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nature Energy Energy-Energy Engineering and Power Technology

CiteScore

75.10

自引率

1.10%

发文量

193

期刊介绍： Nature Energy is a monthly, online-only journal committed to showcasing the most impactful research on energy, covering everything from its generation and distribution to the societal implications of energy technologies and policies. With a focus on exploring all facets of the ongoing energy discourse, Nature Energy delves into topics such as energy generation, storage, distribution, management, and the societal impacts of energy technologies and policies. Emphasizing studies that push the boundaries of knowledge and contribute to the development of next-generation solutions, the journal serves as a platform for the exchange of ideas among stakeholders at the forefront of the energy sector. Maintaining the hallmark standards of the Nature brand, Nature Energy boasts a dedicated team of professional editors, a rigorous peer-review process, meticulous copy-editing and production, rapid publication times, and editorial independence. In addition to original research articles, Nature Energy also publishes a range of content types, including Comments, Perspectives, Reviews, News & Views, Features, and Correspondence, covering a diverse array of disciplines relevant to the field of energy.