The pivotal role of mass spectrometry in transition metal-based photocatalyst research for solar-driven energy conversion and water purification advancements

Abstract

Recent advances have established solar energy as a major source of nearly inexhaustible renewable energy and a viable method for water purification. This review focuses on the utilization of transition metal-based materials to create efficient photocatalysts for harnessing solar energy. Additionally, it highlights the crucial role of mass spectrometry (MS) in enhancing the efficiency of renewable energy and water purification processes. The various photocatalysts discussed in this review demonstrate significant efficacy in solar-driven water evaporation and the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. Solar energy is also harnessed for the production of ammonia through N₂ reduction and for converting CO₂ into valuable carbon fuels. Integrating MS analysis into these processes allows for the precise quantification of residual contaminants in aqueous samples, thereby ensuring environmental safety. Moreover, MS analysis can improve overall process efficiency by evaluating products and by-products and comparing energy conversion rates. These advances underscore the critical importance of MS analysis in promoting sustainable energy and environmental solutions through the development of transition metal-based photocatalysts.