Evaluation of Lytic and Persistent Human Adenovirus Infections in Tonsil Tissue of Children With Tonsillar Hypertrophy: A Matched Case–Control Study

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q2 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI:10.1002/lio2.70113

Zahra Heydarifard, Sevrin Zadheidar, Shirin Kalantari, Ahmad Nejati, Farshid Achak, Vahid Salimi, Talat Mokhtari-Azad, Nazanin Zahra Shafiei-Jandaghi

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Abstract

Background

Tonsillar hypertrophy is a common condition in children, and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) may contribute to its development. However, the mechanisms underlying HAdVs' persistence in tonsils remain unclear. This study investigates the role of HAdVs in tonsillar hypertrophy.

Methods

In a case–control study, oropharyngeal swabs and tonsillar tissues were collected from 50 children with and without tonsillar hypertrophy. HAdV viral load, mRNA expression, and virus shedding were considered to differentiate lytic and persistent infections.

Results

HAdV genomes were detected in 32% of hypertrophic tissues, exclusively HAdV-C, with no presence in controls. Viral loads varied, peaking in children under 5 years old, ranging from 4 × $10^{3}$ to 1.9 × $10^{6}$ copies/g, with a median of 2.6 × $10^{4}$ copies/g. Predominantly, infections were persistent (81%), with a smaller number of lytic or reactive cases.

Conclusion

The study supports and extends previous findings regarding HAdV-C persistence in tonsillar tissues and its potential contribution to hypertrophy, with viral loads tending to decrease with age. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on HAdVs' role in tonsillar hypertrophy, reinforcing the importance of persistent infections in the tonsils.

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扁桃体肥大儿童扁桃体组织溶解性和持续性人腺病毒感染的评估：一项匹配病例-对照研究

扁桃体肥大是儿童的一种常见疾病，人类腺病毒（HAdVs）可能与扁桃体肥大的发生有关。然而，HAdVs在扁桃体中持续存在的机制尚不清楚。本研究探讨HAdVs在扁桃体肥大中的作用。方法采用病例对照研究方法，收集50例有扁桃体肥大和无扁桃体肥大患儿的口咽拭子和扁桃体组织。hav病毒载量、mRNA表达和病毒脱落被认为是区分溶解性感染和持续性感染的指标。结果32例检测到hav基因组% of hypertrophic tissues, exclusively HAdV-C, with no presence in controls. Viral loads varied, peaking in children under 5 years old, ranging from 4 × 10 3 $$ {10}^3 $$ to 1.9 × 10 6 $$ {10}^6 $$ copies/g, with a median of 2.6 × 10 4 $$ {10}^4 $$ copies/g. Predominantly, infections were persistent (81%), with a smaller number of lytic or reactive cases. Conclusion The study supports and extends previous findings regarding HAdV-C persistence in tonsillar tissues and its potential contribution to hypertrophy, with viral loads tending to decrease with age. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on HAdVs' role in tonsillar hypertrophy, reinforcing the importance of persistent infections in the tonsils.

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