Theoretical Modelling of Confined Hydrogen Atom: A Review

Abstract

The ability to tune the properties of materials through low-dimensional confinement has ushered an era of enhanced nanoscale technological advances. The development of the field has witnessed substantial growth in recent decades. This review provides a brief summary of this progress. Over the years, various analytical and computational techniques have been developed to effectuate the numerical modelling of such systems. In this review, an overview of the fundamental methods and the conditions of their applicability are highlighted. Using a hard-wall spherically confined hydrogen atom as a prototype of the confined systems, the energy structure along with properties like the multipole oscillator sum rule and static polarizabilities, for confined hydrogen under the effect of a few generally employed potentials has been presented, thus offering insight into confinement effects. The review also discusses related potential applications and future directions.