{"title":"Microwave Characterization of ZnMAl2O4 (M = Ti, Si, MgTi) Nanoceramics","authors":"Srilali Siragam","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03260-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(Z)-based microwave dielectric ceramics-ZnTiAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (ZT), ZnSiAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (ZS), and ZnMgTiAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (ZMT)-were synthesized via the sol–gel method. Doping with Ti, Si, and Mg enhanced dielectric permittivity. XRD (X-ray diffraction) confirmed phase coexistence, while (Field emission scanning electron microscopy) FESEM showed increased particle size with sintering. The calculated crystal sizes of the three materials were 15 nm for ZT, 19 nm for ZS, and 18 nm for ZMT. Dielectric permittivity’s ranged from 12.8 to 14.75, with low dielectric losses (0.39–0.002 for ZT, 0.23–0.019 for ZS, 0.77–0.03 for ZMT). Raman and (Energy dispersive spectroscopy) EDS analyses validated structural and elemental features. Patch antennas using these ceramics achieved return losses of -29.08, -26.03, and -29.7 dB at 4.79, 3.61, and 8.82 GHz, demonstrating their potential for microwave applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 5","pages":"1047 - 1058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Silicon","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12633-025-03260-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Various ZnAl2O4(Z)-based microwave dielectric ceramics-ZnTiAl2O4 (ZT), ZnSiAl2O4 (ZS), and ZnMgTiAl2O4 (ZMT)-were synthesized via the sol–gel method. Doping with Ti, Si, and Mg enhanced dielectric permittivity. XRD (X-ray diffraction) confirmed phase coexistence, while (Field emission scanning electron microscopy) FESEM showed increased particle size with sintering. The calculated crystal sizes of the three materials were 15 nm for ZT, 19 nm for ZS, and 18 nm for ZMT. Dielectric permittivity’s ranged from 12.8 to 14.75, with low dielectric losses (0.39–0.002 for ZT, 0.23–0.019 for ZS, 0.77–0.03 for ZMT). Raman and (Energy dispersive spectroscopy) EDS analyses validated structural and elemental features. Patch antennas using these ceramics achieved return losses of -29.08, -26.03, and -29.7 dB at 4.79, 3.61, and 8.82 GHz, demonstrating their potential for microwave applications.
期刊介绍：
The journal Silicon is intended to serve all those involved in studying the role of silicon as an enabling element in materials science. There are no restrictions on disciplinary boundaries provided the focus is on silicon-based materials or adds significantly to the understanding of such materials. Accordingly, such contributions are welcome in the areas of inorganic and organic chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, nanoscience, environmental science, electronics and optoelectronics, and modeling and theory. Relevant silicon-based materials include, but are not limited to, semiconductors, polymers, composites, ceramics, glasses, coatings, resins, composites, small molecules, and thin films.
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