A Dynamic High-Fidelity Equivalent Circuit Phantom for Intracardiac Communication in Pacemaker Indications

IF 5.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI:10.1109/TIM.2025.3555701

Dongming Li;Jiamei Wang;Han Wang;Xiaojiang Huang;Jiejie Yang;Yueming Gao;Hung-Chun Li;Mang I Vai;Sio Hang Pun

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Conductive intracardiac communication (CIC) is an essential approach for achieving multichamber pacing in leadless pacemakers (LCPs), significantly enhancing the therapeutic outcomes for conditions, such as bradycardia. However, the characteristics of the intracardiac channel are profoundly affected by the heart’s rhythmic contractions. Accurately understanding the dynamic transmission mechanisms and channel parameters under various cardiac pathological states is crucial for enhancing the multichamber pacing functionality of LCPs. In this article, the relationship between cardiac chamber volume and channel impedance is mapped based on the electrocardiogram (ECG) data. This mapping enables precise, real-time adjustments to variable impedance, simulating the impedance changes occurring with each heartbeat. Through this approach, a time-frequency equivalent circuit phantom is proposed to accurately simulate channel characteristics for various pacemaker indications (PIs). Utilizing a quasi-dual-pump structural analogy to the heart, we designed a dynamic experimental measurement platform capable of simulating the cardiac beating process under various PIs, which is employed to validate the accuracy of the circuit phantom. The results demonstrate that the correlation coefficients in the frequency and time domains are greater than 0.9432 and 0.9150, respectively, with a time-domain consistency coefficient of less than 3.25. Through cross validation in both frequency and time domains, the circuit effectively simulates the channel characteristics of normal and PI hearts. The empirical formula established based on the time-domain measurement results can be utilized for the rapid estimation of the right atrium (RA)–right ventricle (RV) channel characteristics. The proposed phantom offers a highly accurate and reproducible experimental method for the design of intracardiac communication transceivers, advancing the development and validation of leadless multichamber pacemaker systems.

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用于心脏起搏器适应症心内通信的动态高保真等效电路模型

导电性心内通信（CIC）是实现无导线起搏器（lcp）多室起搏的重要方法，可显著提高心动过缓等疾病的治疗效果。然而，心内通道的特性受到心脏节律性收缩的深刻影响。准确了解不同心脏病理状态下的动态传递机制和通道参数，对于增强lcp的多室起搏功能至关重要。本文根据心电数据，绘制心室容积与通道阻抗的关系图。这种映射可以精确、实时地调整可变阻抗，模拟每次心跳时发生的阻抗变化。通过这种方法，提出了一种时频等效电路模型来精确模拟各种起搏器指示（pi）的通道特性。我们利用心脏的准双泵结构类比，设计了一个动态实验测量平台，能够模拟不同pi下的心脏跳动过程，并用于验证电路模体的准确性。结果表明，频率域和时间域的相关系数分别大于0.9432和0.9150，时域一致性系数小于3.25。通过频域和时域的交叉验证，电路有效地模拟了正常心脏和PI心脏的通道特性。基于时域测量结果建立的经验公式可用于快速估计右心房-右心室通道特性。所提出的模体为心内通信收发器的设计提供了一种高度精确和可重复的实验方法，促进了无引线多室起搏器系统的开发和验证。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

9.00

自引率

23.20%

发文量

1294

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： Papers are sought that address innovative solutions to the development and use of electrical and electronic instruments and equipment to measure, monitor and/or record physical phenomena for the purpose of advancing measurement science, methods, functionality and applications. The scope of these papers may encompass: (1) theory, methodology, and practice of measurement; (2) design, development and evaluation of instrumentation and measurement systems and components used in generating, acquiring, conditioning and processing signals; (3) analysis, representation, display, and preservation of the information obtained from a set of measurements; and (4) scientific and technical support to establishment and maintenance of technical standards in the field of Instrumentation and Measurement.