Upcycling waste glass bottles as a binder within engineered cementitious composites (ECCs): Experimental investigation and environmental impact assessment

Avik Kumar Das , Jiacheng Xiao
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Abstract

Single-use waste glass bottles (WGB) pose significant environmental challenges in urban areas, and this study explores their upcycling into powdered glass (GP) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in engineered cementitious composites (ECCs). Through, systematic investigation of their mechanical performance, durability, early age properties and shrinkage for different levels of GP replacement a sustainable ECC mix (GP-ECC) was developed. GP-ECC demonstrates excellent mechanical and durability performance, including high ductility (∼4%), tensile strength (∼4 MPa), narrow crack widths (∼60 μm), and manageable shrinkage (∼1700 με). Optimal results were observed at 20–30 % GP replacement, where improved particle packing and pozzolanic activity enhanced performance. In contrast, at higher replacement levels (50 %) led to increased porosity and reduced durability due to suppressed hydration. The inclusion of natural seawater further accelerated early hydration and strength gain, though slight compromises were noted in crack control due to ionic interference, overall their performance are comparable to GP-ECC. Microstructural analyses (SEM, XRD) confirmed denser matrices and stronger fiber–matrix bonding at 30 % GP, particularly in seawater-mixed ECCs thereby, confirming the feasibility and high-perfromance of sea based materials (SBM)-GP-ECCs. A novel framework for life cycle analysis (LCA) for ECCs considering regional variations, including transportation emissions and energy mix, thereby reflecting intercity differences. GP-ECC and SBM-GP-ECC mixes achieved notable reductions in CO2 (∼8–10 %) emission and costs other ecological impacts, but such effects is a function of the location outperforming normal concrete and GP-concrete by up to 100x in tensile and durability properties. By systematically evaluating mechanical, rheological, durability, and microstructural properties, this study establishes a robust foundation for future research and practical deployment of GP-marine ECCs derived from waste materials, contributing to circular economy strategies and the development of cleaner, high-performance construction materials.
在工程胶凝复合材料(ECCs)中作为粘合剂的废弃玻璃瓶的升级回收:实验调查和环境影响评估
一次性废弃玻璃瓶(WGB)在城市地区构成了重大的环境挑战,本研究探讨了将其升级为粉末玻璃(GP)作为工程胶凝复合材料(ECCs)的补充胶凝材料(SCM)。通过对其力学性能、耐久性、早期性能和收缩率的系统研究,提出了一种可持续发展的ECC复合材料(GP-ECC)。GP-ECC具有优异的机械性能和耐久性,包括高延展性(~ 4%)、抗拉强度(~ 4 MPa)、窄裂纹宽度(~ 60 μm)和可控收缩率(~ 1700 με)。在20 - 30%的GP替换量下,颗粒填料和火山灰活性的改善提高了性能,效果最佳。相比之下,在较高的替代水平(50%)下,由于抑制水化作用,孔隙度增加,耐久性降低。天然海水的掺入进一步加速了早期水化和强度的增加,尽管由于离子干扰在裂缝控制方面略有妥协,但总体性能与GP-ECC相当。微观结构分析(SEM, XRD)证实,在30% GP时,特别是在海水混合的ECCs中,基质更致密,纤维-基质结合更强,从而证实了海基材料(SBM)-GP-ECCs的可行性和高性能。考虑区域差异(包括交通排放和能源结构)的ECCs生命周期分析(LCA)新框架,从而反映城市间差异。GP-ECC和SBM-GP-ECC混合物显著减少了二氧化碳排放(~ 8 - 10%),并减少了其他生态影响,但这种效果是位置的函数,其拉伸和耐久性性能优于普通混凝土和gp -混凝土高达100倍。通过系统地评估机械、流变、耐久性和微观结构性能,本研究为未来研究和实际应用从废物中提取的GP-marine ECCs奠定了坚实的基础,为循环经济战略和更清洁、高性能建筑材料的发展做出贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
9.20
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