The critical role of GLP-1 signaling pathways in the pathology of Parkinson's disease and diabetes

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 PATHOLOGY

Pathology, research and practice Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI:10.1016/j.prp.2025.155985

Jinhao Chen , Xiang Dong , Yichen Lin , Cunming Lv

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Abstract

This review assesses the roles of GLP-1 and its receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in the treatment of diabetes and Parkinson’s disease, integrating current theories and research. GLP-1, a vital endogenous hormone, regulates insulin secretion, delays gastric emptying, and promotes satiety, showing significant potential for diabetes management. However, its brief lifespan and restricted blood-brain barrier penetration limit its clinical application. To overcome these constraints, researchers have developed GLP-1 receptor agonists that prolong its action and exhibit high efficacy in diabetes treatment. Recent studies further reveal GLP-1’s neuroprotective effects, notably its potential in managing neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. GLP-1RAs mitigate neuroinflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and enhance neuroprotection, suggesting substantial potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, to enhance GLP-1RAs’ efficacy in the nervous system, researchers have introduced novel drug delivery approaches, including nanoparticle carriers and molecular modifications, to improve stability and targeting accuracy. In conclusion, this review comprehensively analyzes the mechanisms, clinical applications, and challenges of GLP-1 and its receptor agonists in managing diabetes and Parkinson’s disease, while identifying future research and clinical opportunities.

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GLP-1信号通路在帕金森病和糖尿病病理中的关键作用

本综述结合当前的理论和研究，评估了 GLP-1 及其受体激动剂（GLP-1RAs）在治疗糖尿病和帕金森病中的作用。GLP-1是一种重要的内源性激素，可调节胰岛素分泌、延缓胃排空和促进饱腹感，在糖尿病治疗方面具有巨大潜力。然而，其短暂的生命周期和有限的血脑屏障渗透限制了其临床应用。为了克服这些限制，研究人员开发了 GLP-1 受体激动剂，延长了其作用时间，在糖尿病治疗中表现出很高的疗效。最近的研究进一步揭示了 GLP-1 的神经保护作用，特别是在帕金森病等神经退行性疾病的治疗中的潜力。GLP-1RA 可减轻神经炎症、减少氧化应激和增强神经保护，这表明它在治疗神经退行性疾病方面具有巨大潜力。此外，为了提高 GLP-1RA 在神经系统中的疗效，研究人员引入了新型给药方法，包括纳米颗粒载体和分子修饰，以提高稳定性和靶向准确性。总之，本综述全面分析了 GLP-1 及其受体激动剂治疗糖尿病和帕金森病的机制、临床应用和挑战，同时指出了未来的研究和临床机遇。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Pathology, research and practice 医学-病理学

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

3.60%

发文量

405

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： Pathology, Research and Practice provides accessible coverage of the most recent developments across the entire field of pathology: Reviews focus on recent progress in pathology, while Comments look at interesting current problems and at hypotheses for future developments in pathology. Original Papers present novel findings on all aspects of general, anatomic and molecular pathology. Rapid Communications inform readers on preliminary findings that may be relevant for further studies and need to be communicated quickly. Teaching Cases look at new aspects or special diagnostic problems of diseases and at case reports relevant for the pathologist''s practice.