The silent threat of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: an epidemiologic analysis from five key high-risk regions of Afghanistan (2018–2024)

IJID One Health Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI:10.1016/j.ijidoh.2025.100067

Enayatullah Hamdard , Ahmadullah Zahir , Naqibullah Mujadidi , Nooruddin Himmat

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

Afghanistan’s struggle with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is intensified by limited diagnostic and preventive resources. This study analyzed national surveillance data from five regions (2018–2024), focusing on the Eid-al-Adha months (2022–2024), and examined demographics, occupations, public awareness, and 2024 summer trends.

Methods

This study presents findings from a retrospective analysis of regional CCHF surveillance data from 2018 to 2024, analyzed using SPSS 23 and Power BI.

Results

From 2018 to December 2024, Afghanistan recorded 4445 suspected and 944 confirmed CCHF cases, with a case fatality rate of 20.6% (i.e. 195 deaths). Annual confirmed cases were 139 in 2018, 167 in 2019, 178 in 2020, 189 in 2021, 15 in 2022, 114 in 2023, and 142 in 2024. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin M antibody tests identified 20.45% of confirmed cases, with the highest death toll in 2018. From 2022–2024, 712 cases occurred during the Eid-al-Adha months, causing 61 deaths, peaking in 2023 with 313 cases and 30 deaths. In 2024, June had the most cases (204, case fatality rate 13%) and October had the least (47 cases, case fatality rate 8.5%). Of the confirmed cases, 66% were male and 34% were female. Occupations with the highest exposure included housewives (13.5%), shepherds (11.9%), butchers (8.7%), health staff (4.6%), students (3.4%), and animal dealers/farmers (7.3%). In addition, 21.16% were unemployed, and occupational data were missing for 29.3%.

Conclusions

The increase in CCHF outbreaks in Afghanistan from 2018 to 2024 highlights the challenges in disease awareness and testing capacity. Early intervention is crucial for containing outbreaks in affected regions.

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克里米亚-刚果出血热的无声威胁：2018-2024年阿富汗五大高危地区的流行病学分析

目的由于诊断和预防资源有限，阿富汗与克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）的斗争加剧。本研究分析了五个地区（2018-2024年）的国家监测数据，重点关注宰牲节月份（2022-2024年），并研究了人口统计、职业、公众意识和2024年夏季趋势。方法采用SPSS 23和Power BI软件，对2018 - 2024年中国各地区CCHF监测数据进行回顾性分析。结果2018年至2024年12月，阿富汗共报告CCHF疑似病例4445例，确诊病例944例，病死率为20.6%（死亡195例）。2018年确诊病例数为139例，2019年为167例，2020年为178例，2021年为189例，2022年为15例，2023年为114例，2024年为142例。逆转录聚合酶链反应和免疫球蛋白M抗体检测发现了20.45%的确诊病例，2018年死亡人数最高。从2022年至2024年，在宰牲节期间发生了712例病例，造成61人死亡，2023年达到高峰，有313例病例，30人死亡。2024年6月发病最多（204例，病死率13%），10月发病最少（47例，病死率8.5%）。在确诊病例中，66%为男性，34%为女性。接触最多的职业包括家庭主妇（13.5%）、牧羊人（11.9%）、屠夫（8.7%）、卫生工作者（4.6%）、学生（3.4%）和动物经销商/农民（7.3%）。此外，21.16%的人失业，29.3%的人缺少职业数据。结论2018 - 2024年阿富汗CCHF疫情的增加凸显了疾病意识和检测能力方面的挑战。早期干预对于控制受影响地区的疫情至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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IJID One Health

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