Artificially induced drought stress affects seasonal foliar litterfall, nutrient contents, and nutrient masses in mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

IF 2.7 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI:10.1016/j.tfp.2025.100851

Matthias Ulbricht , Peter Biber , Thomas Rötzer , Enno Uhl , Karin Pritsch , Bernhard Michalke , Hans Pretzsch

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Abstract

We examined the effects of drought-induced stress on foliar litter production, nutrient contents, and nutrient masses in mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) over a two-year period (October 2015–September 2017) in southern Bavaria. A rainfall exclusion experiment was conducted with six control plots receiving normal rainfall and six roof plots excluding rainfall. Abscised leaf and needle biomass, as well as the contents and masses of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), were monitored across two non-vegetation periods (October–February: NV1, NV2) and two vegetation periods (March–September: V1, V2).

Foliar litter on control plots (set at 100 %) was 4000, 329, 4501, 403 kg/ha for European beech and 3534, 1146, 1352, 607 kg/ha for Norway spruce across the four observation periods (NV1, V1, NV2, V2). Roof plots yielded 2917 (73 %), 364 (111 %), 3710 (82 %), 358 (89 %) kg/ha for European beech and 5841 (165 %), 1040 (91 %), 899 (67 %), 447 (74 %) kg/ha for Norway spruce. Significant differences between control and roof plots were observed only during NV1.

Foliar K contents were significantly lower under drought in both species. For European beech, values were 2.83, 3.83, 2.76, 4.37 g/kg (control plots), compared to 2.38 (84 %), 3.08 (80 %), 2.30 (83 %), 4.01 (92 %) g/kg (roof plots). For Norway spruce, values were 2.64, 2.77, 2.51, 2.13 g/kg (control plots), compared to 2.26 (86 %), 2.33 (84 %), 2.01 (80 %), 1.66 (78 %) g/kg (roof plots). Drought also significantly decreased foliar Ca content in Norway spruce during NV2, from 8.61 to 7.04 g/kg (82 %).

Foliar nutrient masses aligned more closely with biomass abscission patterns than with nutrient translocation patterns. European beech predominantly exhibited significantly reduced abscised nutrient masses under drought during NV1 and NV2, while Norway spruce initially showed significantly increased abscised nutrient masses in NV1, followed by a marked decline in subsequent seasons.

We concluded that European beech responded to drought stress by reducing foliage biomass production, suggesting a potential acclimation strategy, whereas Norway spruce mitigated water loss through transpiration by shedding its needles. However, Norway spruce failed to compensate for the initial high needle losses by regenerating sufficient new needles, indicating its lower resilience to drought.

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人工诱导的干旱胁迫影响成熟欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica [L.]）和挪威云杉（Picea abies [L.]）的季节性落叶、养分含量和养分质量。岩溶。)

研究了干旱胁迫对成熟欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica [L.]）和挪威云杉（Picea abies [L.]）凋落叶产量、养分含量和养分质量的影响。喀斯特)，为期两年（2015年10月至2017年9月）。采用6个正常降雨对照区和6个不降雨顶棚区进行防雨试验。在非植被期（10 ~ 2月：NV1、NV2）和植被期（3 ~ 9月：V1、V2）监测叶片和针叶的脱落生物量，以及钙、钾、镁、氮、磷的含量和质量。在4个观察期（NV1、V1、NV2、V2），对照样地（100%）落叶量分别为欧洲山毛榉4000、329、4501、403 kg/ha，挪威云杉3534、1146、1352、607 kg/ha。屋顶地块的产量分别为欧洲山毛榉2917（73%）、364（111%）、3710（82%）、358（89%）公斤/公顷，挪威云杉5841（165%）、1040（91%）、899（67%）、447（74%）公斤/公顷。对照区和顶棚区之间仅在NV1期间观察到显著差异。干旱条件下两种植物叶片钾含量均显著降低。对照区欧洲山毛榉为2.83、3.83、2.76、4.37 g/kg，屋顶区为2.38（84%）、3.08（80%）、2.30（83%）、4.01 (92%)g/kg。挪威云杉的值分别为2.64、2.77、2.51、2.13 g/kg（对照区），屋顶区为2.26（86%）、2.33（84%）、2.01（80%）、1.66 (78%)g/kg。干旱也显著降低了挪威云杉叶片钙含量，从8.61 g/kg降至7.04 g/kg（82%）。叶面养分质量与生物量脱落模式的关系比与养分转运模式的关系更密切。在干旱条件下，欧洲山毛榉主要表现出明显减少的营养物质质量，而挪威云杉在干旱条件下最初表现出显著增加的营养物质质量，随后在干旱条件下显著下降。我们得出结论，欧洲山毛榉通过减少叶片生物量来应对干旱胁迫，这表明了一种潜在的适应策略，而挪威云杉通过脱落针叶来减轻水分流失。然而，挪威云杉未能通过再生足够的新针叶来弥补最初的高针叶损失，这表明它对干旱的适应能力较低。

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