Truck cleaning and disinfection, and the risk of PRRSV dissemination in multi-site pig production systems in the United States: A network-epidemiological model approach
Natalia Martinez , Cesar A. Corzo , Gustavo Machado , Abel B. Ekiri , Inaki Deza-Cruz , Joaquin M. Prada
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a significant threat to pig health, particularly in multi-site industrial pig farming systems. These systems, which involve raising pigs at different locations based on their age and transporting them via trucks and trailers, may increase the risk of pathogen transmission through contaminated vehicles. Given the importance of preventing PRRSV infection, vehicle cleaning and disinfection (C&D) are crucial for disease control. This study examined data from four PRRSV outbreaks in U.S. sow farms during a regional emergence of a PRRSV2 variant in multi-site swine production systems, focusing on vehicle movements before and after the outbreaks and their C&D frequencies. This research analysed 1190 vehicle movement records between premises and 753 visits to truck wash stations, creating networks encompassing seven vehicles across 45 sites, including breeding, growing, and isolation facilities. Network simulations were used to evaluate the infection sources and virus transmission risks under various vehicle C&D frequencies during outbreaks. Results showed no significant changes in movement frequency before and after the outbreak. The infection risk varied by farm type and specific connections to the outbreak farm, with higher risks observed in growing farms. Scenario comparisons to assess the impact of C&D frequencies on transmission showed that adherence to vehicle C&D protocols resulted in infection risks nearly matching optimal scenarios. The most substantial differences were observed when comparing infection probabilities in the pessimistic scenario to those in the realistic scenario, with probabilities being significantly higher in the pessimistic scenario, particularly for gilt isolation farms (7.6 % higher) and sow farms (6.6 % higher). These findings underscore the critical role of thorough cleaning and disinfection protocols in reducing infection risk.This research assesses the risks of infection introduction and spread during outbreaks, emphasising the critical role of truck washing in controlling PRRSV. The study provides quantitative evidence that consistent vehicle C&D practices significantly reduce transmission risks, offering valuable insights into disease transmission pathways. These findings inform targeted interventions to enhance biosecurity and strengthen disease prevention strategies.
期刊介绍:
Preventive Veterinary Medicine is one of the leading international resources for scientific reports on animal health programs and preventive veterinary medicine. The journal follows the guidelines for standardizing and strengthening the reporting of biomedical research which are available from the CONSORT, MOOSE, PRISMA, REFLECT, STARD, and STROBE statements. The journal focuses on:
Epidemiology of health events relevant to domestic and wild animals;
Economic impacts of epidemic and endemic animal and zoonotic diseases;
Latest methods and approaches in veterinary epidemiology;
Disease and infection control or eradication measures;
The "One Health" concept and the relationships between veterinary medicine, human health, animal-production systems, and the environment;
Development of new techniques in surveillance systems and diagnosis;
Evaluation and control of diseases in animal populations.