Nonlinear convective heat transfer in Maxwell nanofluids with quadratic thermal stratification over a Magnetized inclined Surface: Applications towards engineering Industry

Abstract

This work studies nonlinear mixed convection and nonlinear stratification effects in Maxwell nanofluid flow over an inclined stretching sheet. This research has widespread uses in the fields of medicine, paper and pulp, polymer processing, nuclear power plants, solar collectors, and electronic cooling. The characteristics of heat transfer for Iron oxide ($F{e}_3{O}_4$) nanoparticles dispersed in base fluid blood and silicone oil are the main focus of the investigation. Due to $F{e}_3{O}_4$ being photo-catalytic, the nanofluid improves its thermal characteristics, which makes it valuable in medical applications. Radiative heat flux, convective boundary conditions, an inclined magnetic field and quadratic mixed convection effects are included in this analysis. Higher-order ODEs are obtained from governing equations, and the ND Solve method is used to solve them numerically. The results are validated by comparing them with previous research and exhibit good agreement. Important factors that affect temperature and velocity profiles are Deborah number, Lorentz force, thermal Grashof number, and thermal Biot number, which are demonstrated visually. According to the findings, heat transfer increases with rising thermal Biot number and decreases with stronger thermal stratification, whereas the Lorentz force reduces fluid velocity. The findings demonstrate improved material performance and efficiency by using stratified Maxwell nanofluids with quadratic convection models to enhance industrial operations. This knowledge is vital for designing and optimising medical therapies and devices, as it is necessary to maintain the ideal temperature during blood circulation procedures. This analysis is critical to ensure patient safety and treatment effectiveness, particularly in medical operations where mixed convection is crucial in blood circulation.