Multivariate geostatistical methods for analysing the contribution of urban lakes and neighbouring greenery to mitigating PM2.5 under stressor indicators

IF 7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Han Liu , Wenyu An , Arkadiusz Przybysz , Dingyi Hao , Yimei Sun , Junze Song , Jiayi Sui , Jiahan Sun , Chunyang Zhu
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Abstract

Maintaining the ecological integrity and functionality of ecosystems is one of the major challenges faced in the sustainable management of natural capital. Urban areas play a key role in this setting, providing multiple ecosystem services for a rapidly growing urban population worldwide while under constant pressure from several interacting natural and anthropogenic stressors. This paper targets the critical knowledge gap concerning how different stressor indicators – traffic (TD), building density (BD), building height (BH), percentage of impervious surface (PLAND_I) and land surface temperature (LST) – and their interactions affect the removal of particulate matter (PM2.5) by urban blue-green infrastructure at multiple spatial scales. With spatial ranges varying with the area of blue-green infrastructure, the results showed that within the small-scale spatial range (90–450 m) the stressors LST, TD, PLAND_I and their interactions had a significant impact on PM2.5; in the mesoscale spatial range (240–600 m), the stressors LST, TD, BH, PLAND_I, BD and their interactions had a strong impact on PM2.5; while in the large-scale spatial range (390–1200 m), stressors of TD, PLAND_I, LST, BH and their interactions had a significant impact on PM2.5. Additionally, several spatial structures of PM2.5-stressor interactions were found, especially with larger lakes (exceeding 67.6 ha), which were dominated by negative correlations, which is singularity attributed to their greater capacity for PM2.5 accumulation and microclimatic regulation and may mitigate the influence of stress factors. Importantly, this study confirmed that interactive stressors contributed more to the GAM model. Thus, overlooking interactive stressors may lead to an overestimation of PM removal by urban blue-green infrastructure. Regarding the spatial interactions of stressors-PM at multiple scales, spatial range conditions can change the properties of the blue-green infrastructure that determine the effective PM accumulation and identify the crucial stressor indices. A framework was developed to address the stressors’ mode of action and the extent to which the combined stressors affect PM mitigation. It allows the scientific community and relevant stakeholders to evaluate which stressors and their interactions in relation to PM removal share a common spatial pattern, and to assess independently the spatial covariation between stressors and PM removal at different spatial scales. It also demonstrates the possibility of using these stressor indicators as potential predictors of the impacts of land-use intensity on PM mitigation.

Abstract Image

多变量地理统计方法,用于分析城市湖泊和邻近绿化对缓解压力指标下 PM2.5 的贡献
维持生态系统的生态完整性和功能是自然资本可持续管理面临的主要挑战之一。在这种情况下,城市地区发挥着关键作用,为全球快速增长的城市人口提供多种生态系统服务,同时也面临着多种相互作用的自然和人为压力。本文针对不同的压力源指标——交通(TD)、建筑密度(BD)、建筑高度(BH)、不透水地表百分比(PLAND_I)和地表温度(LST)——及其相互作用如何影响城市蓝绿基础设施在多个空间尺度上对颗粒物(PM2.5)的去除的关键知识差距进行了研究。随着蓝绿基础设施面积的变化,在小尺度空间范围内(90 ~ 450 m),压力源LST、TD、PLAND_I及其相互作用对PM2.5的影响显著;在中尺度(240 ~ 600 m)空间范围内,压力源LST、TD、BH、PLAND_I、BD及其相互作用对PM2.5的影响较大;而在大尺度空间范围内(390 ~ 1200 m), TD、PLAND_I、LST、BH的应力源及其相互作用对PM2.5的影响显著。此外,还发现了一些PM2.5-应激因子相互作用的空间结构,特别是大型湖泊(超过67.6 ha),其负相关占主导地位,这是由于它们具有更大的PM2.5积累能力和小气候调节能力,并可能减轻应激因子的影响。重要的是,本研究证实了交互应激源对GAM模型的贡献更大。因此,忽略相互作用的压力源可能导致高估城市蓝绿色基础设施对PM的去除。在多尺度压力源与PM的空间相互作用中,空间距离条件可以改变蓝绿基础设施的性质,从而决定PM的有效积累和识别关键压力源指标。制定了一个框架,以解决压力源的作用方式以及综合压力源对PM缓解的影响程度。它允许科学界和相关利益相关者评估哪些压力源及其相互作用与PM去除具有共同的空间格局,并独立评估压力源与PM去除在不同空间尺度上的空间共变。它还证明了使用这些压力源指标作为土地利用强度对PM缓解影响的潜在预测指标的可能性。
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来源期刊
Ecological Indicators
Ecological Indicators 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
8.70%
发文量
1163
审稿时长
78 days
期刊介绍: The ultimate aim of Ecological Indicators is to integrate the monitoring and assessment of ecological and environmental indicators with management practices. The journal provides a forum for the discussion of the applied scientific development and review of traditional indicator approaches as well as for theoretical, modelling and quantitative applications such as index development. Research into the following areas will be published. • All aspects of ecological and environmental indicators and indices. • New indicators, and new approaches and methods for indicator development, testing and use. • Development and modelling of indices, e.g. application of indicator suites across multiple scales and resources. • Analysis and research of resource, system- and scale-specific indicators. • Methods for integration of social and other valuation metrics for the production of scientifically rigorous and politically-relevant assessments using indicator-based monitoring and assessment programs. • How research indicators can be transformed into direct application for management purposes. • Broader assessment objectives and methods, e.g. biodiversity, biological integrity, and sustainability, through the use of indicators. • Resource-specific indicators such as landscape, agroecosystems, forests, wetlands, etc.
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