Antimony nanoparticles encapsulated in three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks for high-performance rechargeable batteries

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Rare Metals Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI:10.1007/s12598-024-03077-x

An-Qi Chen, Si-Guang Guo, Yu Liu, Ling Long, Zhuo Li, Biao Gao, Paul K. Chu, Kai-Fu Huo

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Abstract

Antimony (Sb) is regarded as a potential candidate for next-generation anode materials for rechargeable batteries because it has a high theoretical specific capacity, excellent conductivity and appropriate reaction potential. However, Sb-based anodes suffer from severe volume expansion of > 135% during the lithiation–delithiation process. Hence, we construct a novel Sb@C composite encapsulating the Sb nanoparticles into highly conductive three-dimensional porous carbon frameworks via the one-step magnesiothermic reduction (MR). The porous carbon provides buffer spaces to accommodate the volume expansion of Sb. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon frameworks shorten the ion/electron transport pathway and inhibit the overgrowth of unstable solid-electrolyte interfaces (SEIs). Consequently, the 3D Sb@C composite displays remarkable electrochemical performance, including a high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of > 99%, high initial capability of 989 mAh·g⁻¹, excellent cycling stability for over 1000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A·g⁻¹. Furthermore, employing a similar approach, this 3D Sb@C design paradigm holds promise for broader applications across fast-charging and ultralong-life battery systems beyond Li⁺. This work aims to advance practical applications for Sb-based anodes in next-generation batteries.

Graphical abstract

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用于高性能可充电电池的三维多孔碳框架中封装的锑纳米颗粒

锑（Sb）由于具有较高的理论比容量、优异的导电性和适宜的反应电位，被认为是下一代可充电电池负极材料的潜在候选材料。然而，在锂化-去氧过程中，sb基阳极的体积膨胀高达135%。因此，我们构建了一种新型Sb@C复合材料，通过一步镁热还原（MR）将Sb纳米颗粒封装到高导电性的三维多孔碳框架中。多孔碳为Sb的体积膨胀提供了缓冲空间。同时，三维（3D）互连的碳框架缩短了离子/电子传递途径，抑制了不稳定固体-电解质界面（SEIs）的过度生长。因此，3D Sb@C复合材料表现出优异的电化学性能，包括高达99%的平均库仑效率（CE）， 989 mAh·g−1的高初始容量，以及在5 a·g−1的高电流密度下超过1000次循环的优异循环稳定性。此外，采用类似的方法，这种3D Sb@C设计范式有望在Li+以外的快速充电和超长寿命电池系统中得到更广泛的应用。这项工作旨在推进sb基阳极在下一代电池中的实际应用。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Rare Metals 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

12.50%

发文量

2919

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： Rare Metals is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. It serves as a platform for engineers and scientists to communicate and disseminate original research articles in the field of rare metals. The journal focuses on a wide range of topics including metallurgy, processing, and determination of rare metals. Additionally, it showcases the application of rare metals in advanced materials such as superconductors, semiconductors, composites, and ceramics.