Membrane-less Aluminum Displacement Batteries Based on Transition Metal Chlorination in Molten Salts

IF 9.6 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nano Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c00503

Jiashen Meng, Yu Wang, Zhitong Xiao, Lujun Zhu, Xufeng Hong, Yongfeng Jia, Fang Liu, Linhan Xu, Quanquan Pang

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Abstract

Stationary electrochemical energy storage calls for low-cost and high-safety next-generation chemistries, among which the Na-NiCl₂ battery based on the displacement reaction stands out but is threatened by the fragile β″-Al₂O₃ membrane. Here we present a class of low-lost, medium-temperature (150 °C), membrane-less aluminum displacement batteries (ADBs) based on a reversible solid-to-solid displacement reaction between transition metals (TM; Fe, Co, Ni) and their chlorides (TMCs) in alkali chloroaluminate molten salts. Crucially, manipulation of the Lewis acidity of the chloroaluminate molten salt electrolyte enables membrane-less operation of the cell by restricting solubility of the TMC and its crosstalk with the Al negative electrode. The structured Ni cathode exhibits a high capacity of 380 mA h g^–1, low overpotential of ∼50 mV at the rate of 0.2 A g^–1, and high stability over 500 cycles. Furthermore, we demonstrate a membrane-less Al–Fe displacement battery that promises an ultralow-cost avenue for stationary energy storage.

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基于熔融盐过渡金属氯化的无膜铝置换电池

固定式电化学储能需要低成本、高安全的下一代化学物质，其中基于位移反应的Na-NiCl2电池脱颖而出，但受到脆弱的β″-Al2O3膜的威胁。在这里，我们提出了一类低损耗、中温（150°C）、无膜铝置换电池（ADBs），该电池基于过渡金属(TM；Fe, Co, Ni)及其氯化物（TMCs）在碱氯铝酸盐熔盐中的应用。至关重要的是，通过控制氯铝酸盐熔盐电解质的刘易斯酸度，通过限制TMC的溶解度及其与Al负极的串扰，可以实现电池的无膜操作。该结构的Ni阴极具有380 mA h g-1的高容量，在0.2 a g-1的速率下过电位低至~ 50 mV，并且在500次循环中具有很高的稳定性。此外，我们展示了一种无膜Al-Fe置换电池，有望为固定能量存储提供超低成本的途径。

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来源期刊

Nano Letters 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

16.80

自引率

2.80%

发文量

1182

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Nano Letters serves as a dynamic platform for promptly disseminating original results in fundamental, applied, and emerging research across all facets of nanoscience and nanotechnology. A pivotal criterion for inclusion within Nano Letters is the convergence of at least two different areas or disciplines, ensuring a rich interdisciplinary scope. The journal is dedicated to fostering exploration in diverse areas, including: - Experimental and theoretical findings on physical, chemical, and biological phenomena at the nanoscale - Synthesis, characterization, and processing of organic, inorganic, polymer, and hybrid nanomaterials through physical, chemical, and biological methodologies - Modeling and simulation of synthetic, assembly, and interaction processes - Realization of integrated nanostructures and nano-engineered devices exhibiting advanced performance - Applications of nanoscale materials in living and environmental systems Nano Letters is committed to advancing and showcasing groundbreaking research that intersects various domains, fostering innovation and collaboration in the ever-evolving field of nanoscience and nanotechnology.