Anglophone Literature in Bangladesh and Malaysia: Challenges and Prospects

Abstract

This article focuses on the historical trajectory and development of Anglophone literature in Bangladesh and Malaysia—two predominantly Muslim countries and previously British colonies categorised as “Outer Circle” countries in Braj Kachru's model of English-speaking communities. It investigates the introduction of the English language in these regions, its diffusion and the emergence of English literary practices among the urban elite, which initially excluded Bengali and Malay Muslims due to a lack of interest and opportunities, even though the tradition has subsequently flourished in both countries. The article also examines the challenges faced by this literary tradition during the colonial and postcolonial eras due to various decolonising efforts and conflicts related to language, religion, ethnicity and contesting nationalistic visions, which significantly impeded its development. Finally, the article probes the impact of “postnationalism” or globalisation on this literary tradition and its potential role in shaping its future in the two countries.