3D-printed MXene-based gradient framework for enhanced anti-reflection performance and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding with multi-scene adaptability

Abstract

Promoting the development of effective anti-reflection performance of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to meet the rapid growth of electronic devices is confronted with challenges. Since previous high-performance shielding methods have focused mainly on reflection effects, it is urgent to weigh the design strategy between high total EMI shielding effectiveness and effective anti-reflection performance. Herein, a novel structural strategy is proposed for constructing an integrated both gradient conductive and porous “trashed” MXene/cellulose nanofiber/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (GCP-MCP) aerogel frame by direct ink writing 3D printing technology. Structural design selection of a top-down cis gradient from impedance matching to impedance mismatch and abundant aerogel micropores minimizes incident wave reflection and extends the EMI dissipation paths. Consequently, the GCP-MCP aerogel frames exhibit an outstanding EMI SE of 106.43 dB and ultralow reflection shielding efficiency (SE_R) of 2.45 dB (reflection coefficient R = 0.42, high absorption effectiveness ratio of 97.7 %) in the gigahertz band. Moreover, with the advantages of materials and structures, the GCP-MCP aerogel frame realizes multi-scene adaptability (deicing, infrared camouflage of high temperature devices, etc.) to protect devices in military exploration. Consequently, this work provides a flexible way to design gradient structures with effective anti-reflection and will substantially propel the development of advanced EMI shielding materials in multiple scenarios.