Unity or disunity of the sciences? The German debate around 1900

IF 1.4 2区哲学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI:10.1016/j.shpsa.2025.04.001

Martin Kusch

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper gives an overview of the intense and prolonged debates concerning the relationships between the natural, social and historical sciences in German-speaking academia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, the paper focuses on discussions over cultural history (Schäfer versus Gothein; Buckle and Du Bois-Raymond versus Droysen and Lorenz; von Below versus Lamprecht); the position of psychology (Steinthal, Lazarus, Wundt, Dilthey); the role of the social sciences (Mohl versusTreitschke and Dilthey); the goals of economics (Knies, Schmoller, Treitschke, Menger, Weber); neo-Kantian conceptions and their rivals (Lange, Cohen, Windelband, Rickert, Dilthey, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche); and the road from Marxism to sociology (Marx, Lassalle, Stammler, Tönnies, Sombart, Simmel). I conclude by gesturing at ways in which these debates were related to social-political controversies.

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科学的统一还是分裂？1900 年前后德国的争论

本文概述了十九世纪末二十世纪初德语学术界关于自然科学、社会科学和历史科学之间关系的激烈而持久的争论。本文尤其关注以下方面的讨论：文化史（舍费尔对戈泰因；巴克尔和杜布瓦-雷蒙德对德罗伊森和洛伦兹；冯-贝洛对兰普雷希特）；心理学的地位（施泰因塔尔、拉扎勒斯、翁德、狄尔泰）；社会科学的作用（莫尔对特雷茨克和狄尔泰）；经济学的目标（克尼斯、施莫勒、特雷茨克、门格尔、韦伯）；新康德主义的概念及其对手（朗格、科恩、温德尔班德、里克特、狄尔泰、叔本华、尼采）；以及从马克思主义到社会学的道路（马克思、拉萨尔、斯塔姆勒、托尼斯、松巴特、西美尔）。最后，我将探讨这些辩论与社会政治争论的关系。

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来源期刊

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

10.00%

发文量

166

审稿时长

6.6 weeks

期刊介绍： Studies in History and Philosophy of Science is devoted to the integrated study of the history, philosophy and sociology of the sciences. The editors encourage contributions both in the long-established areas of the history of the sciences and the philosophy of the sciences and in the topical areas of historiography of the sciences, the sciences in relation to gender, culture and society and the sciences in relation to arts. The Journal is international in scope and content and publishes papers from a wide range of countries and cultural traditions.