Alkali-carbonate reaction in concrete - Microstructural consequences and mechanism of expansion

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI:10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107903

Andreas Leemann , Beat Münch , Barbara Lothenbach , Ellina Bernard , Cassandra Trottier , Frank Winnefeld , Leandro Sanchez

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Abstract

A detailed microstructural investigation of a concrete expanding due to alkali‑carbonate reaction (ACR) shows that the cement paste adjacent to reactive aggregate particles is carbonated, which leads to a sulfur redistribution resembling internal sulfate attack. Simultaneously to dedolomitization, partial dissolution of illite occurs in aggregate particles leading to the formation of brucite, hydrotalcite, magnesium-silicate-hydrate (M-S-H) and calcium‑aluminum-silicate-hydrate (C-A-S-H), in addition to calcite and thus to a substantial increase in solid volume. Thermodynamic modelling indicates that the simultaneous presence of illite and dolomite can accelerate the reactions within the aggregates. No alkali-silica reaction (ASR) products are observed. Dolomite, illite and all reaction products display a negative ζ-potential at high pH generating repulsive forces during dedolomitization. Together with the substantial increase in molar volume, the concrete expansion can be mainly attributed to the solidification pressure of hydrotalcite and M-S-H formation.

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混凝土中的碱-碳酸盐反应——膨胀的微观结构后果和机理

对碱-碳酸盐反应（ACR）引起的混凝土膨胀进行的详细微观结构研究表明，与活性骨料颗粒相邻的水泥浆被碳化，导致硫重分布，类似于内部硫酸盐侵蚀。在脱白云石化的同时，伊利石在聚集颗粒中发生部分溶解，形成水镁石、水滑石、水合硅酸镁（M-S-H）和水合硅酸钙铝（C-A-S-H）以及方解石，从而使固体体积大幅增加。热力学模型表明，同时存在的伊利石和白云石可以加速团聚体内部的反应。未观察到碱-硅反应（ASR）产物。在高pH条件下，白云石、伊利石及所有反应产物均表现为负的ζ-电位，在脱白云化过程中产生排斥力。随着摩尔体积的大幅增加，混凝土的膨胀主要归因于水滑石的凝固压力和M-S-H的形成。

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来源期刊

Cement and Concrete Research 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

20.90

自引率

12.30%

发文量

318

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： Cement and Concrete Research is dedicated to publishing top-notch research on the materials science and engineering of cement, cement composites, mortars, concrete, and related materials incorporating cement or other mineral binders. The journal prioritizes reporting significant findings in research on the properties and performance of cementitious materials. It also covers novel experimental techniques, the latest analytical and modeling methods, examination and diagnosis of actual cement and concrete structures, and the exploration of potential improvements in materials.