A fluorescent chemoprobe based on carbazole for hypochlorite with fast response: Design and its applications in test strips, water samples and living cells

IF 4.3 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1016/j.saa.2025.126243

Tahir Savran , Sukriye Nihan Karuk Elmas , Fatma Nur Arslan , Gökhan Sadi , Ibrahim Yilmaz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Hypochlorite (ClO⁻) has been widely used as the main component of cleaning agents, and is also used in the treatment of disinfect water. The concentration of ClO⁻ is critical for living organisms andthe environment. Hence, it is essential to develop reliable, sensitive and user-friendly molecular sensors to determine ClO⁻. In this context, the synthesized probe 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-((E)-(((E)-(9-pentyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene) hydrazono) methyl) phenol (TBCP) can detect ClO⁻ with rapid response (1 min), low detection limit (0.28 µM) and high sensitivity. Also, the sensor is utilized at wide pH range (4–10) for the determination of ClO⁻. TBCP showed outstanding selectivity for ClO⁻ over other competing analytes via a fluorescent response change from colorless to orange, and its response mechanism was based on a deprotonation phenomenon. The ClO⁻ level was successfully determined by TBCP on test kits, cotton swabs and in real samples. Fluorescent bio-imaging of ClO⁻ in HEPG2 cells was also carried out in the presence of TBCP. Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed successfully for TBCP and TBCP + ClO⁻ complex.

Abstract Image

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基于咔唑的次氯酸盐快速反应荧光化学探针的设计及其在试纸、水样和活细胞中的应用

次氯酸盐（ClO-）被广泛用作清洁剂的主要成分，也用于水消毒处理。ClO- 的浓度对生物体和环境至关重要。因此，开发可靠、灵敏、使用方便的分子传感器来测定 ClO- 至关重要。在此背景下，合成的探针 2,4-二叔丁基-6-((E)-(((E)-(9-戊基-9H-咔唑-3-基)亚甲基)肼基)甲基)苯酚（TBCP）可以快速响应（1 分钟）、低检测限（0.28 µM）和高灵敏度地检测 ClO-。此外，该传感器还可在较宽的 pH 值范围（4-10）内测定 ClO-。通过从无色到橙色的荧光反应变化，TBCP 对 ClO- 的选择性优于其他竞争分析物，其反应机制基于去质子化现象。TBCP 成功地测定了试剂盒、棉签和实际样品中的 ClO- 含量。在 TBCP 的存在下，还对 HEPG2 细胞中的 ClO- 进行了荧光生物成像。此外，还成功地对 TBCP 和 TBCP + ClO- 复合物进行了 DFT 计算。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 物理-光谱学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

11.40%

发文量

1364

审稿时长

40 days

期刊介绍： Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (SAA) is an interdisciplinary journal which spans from basic to applied aspects of optical spectroscopy in chemistry, medicine, biology, and materials science. The journal publishes original scientific papers that feature high-quality spectroscopic data and analysis. From the broad range of optical spectroscopies, the emphasis is on electronic, vibrational or rotational spectra of molecules, rather than on spectroscopy based on magnetic moments. Criteria for publication in SAA are novelty, uniqueness, and outstanding quality. Routine applications of spectroscopic techniques and computational methods are not appropriate. Topics of particular interest of Spectrochimica Acta Part A include, but are not limited to: Spectroscopy and dynamics of bioanalytical, biomedical, environmental, and atmospheric sciences, Novel experimental techniques or instrumentation for molecular spectroscopy, Novel theoretical and computational methods, Novel applications in photochemistry and photobiology, Novel interpretational approaches as well as advances in data analysis based on electronic or vibrational spectroscopy.