Light-induced CsCV triggers chloroplast degradation by destabilizing photosystem proteins in tea plant

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109926

Xin Zhang , Xiaobei Huang , Zhijun Wu

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Abstract

Excess light induces chloroplast degradation in plants, leading to decreased photosynthetic efficiency and an albino leaf phenotype. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unclear, especially in perennial crops like tea plant. This study investigated the effects of relatively strong light (SL, 240 μmol m⁻²·s⁻¹) on chloroplast ultrastructure and metabolites in the light-sensitive tea germplasm Nanchuan Dachashu (Camellia nanchuanica). Continuous exposure to SL resulted in abnormal chloroplast structure characterized by extensive vacuolation. SL also significantly decreased the levels of chlorophyll (−60.30 %), carotenoids (−88.29 %), free amino acids (−23.97 %), and caffeine (−41.15 %) compared to relatively weak light (WL, 15 μmol m⁻²·s⁻¹). Transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR revealed that the chloroplast vesiculation gene CsCV was significantly up-regulated under SL, with promoter analysis showing more light-responsive elements in CsCV compared to another light-responsive gene, CsNBR1. Overexpression of CsCV in Arabidopsis caused stunted growth and accelerated leaf senescence, with the most affected line showing decreases in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of 24.97 % and 17.39 %, respectively. Conversely, silencing CsCV in tea plants using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asODNs) for 3 days increased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels by 15.98 % and 18.35 %, respectively. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays and in protein-protein docking simulations demonstrated that CsCV interacts with the photosystem proteins CsLhca1, CsLhcb4, and CsPsaL through its conserved C-terminal region, suggesting CsCV may trigger chloroplast degradation by destabilizing the photosynthetic apparatus under SL. These findings provide mechanistic insights into light-induced chloroplast degradation in tea plants and highlight CsCV as a potential target for improving crop stress tolerance.

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光诱导的CsCV通过破坏茶树光系统蛋白的稳定来触发叶绿体降解

过量光照诱导植物叶绿体降解，导致光合效率降低和叶片白化表型。然而，这一过程的分子机制尚不清楚，特别是在多年生作物如茶树中。研究了相对强光（240 μmol m−2·s−1）对南川大茶树（Camellia nanchuanica）光敏茶种质叶绿体超微结构和代谢产物的影响。持续暴露于SL导致叶绿体结构异常，其特征是广泛的液泡化。与较弱光照（WL为15 μmol m−2·s−1）相比，低光照也显著降低了叶绿素（−60.30%）、类胡萝卜素（−88.29%）、游离氨基酸（−23.97%）和咖啡因（−41.15%）的含量。转录组分析和RT-qPCR显示，叶绿体囊泡基因CsCV在光照条件下显著上调，启动子分析显示，与另一个光响应基因CsNBR1相比，CsCV中有更多的光响应元件。过表达CsCV会导致拟南芥生长发育迟缓，叶片衰老加速，受影响最严重的品系叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别下降24.97%和17.39%。相反，使用反义寡脱氧核苷酸（asODNs）沉默茶树CsCV 3天后，叶绿素和类胡萝卜素水平分别提高了15.98%和18.35%。双分子荧光互补（BiFC）分析和蛋白-蛋白对接模拟表明，CsCV通过其保守的c端区域与光系统蛋白CsLhca1、CsLhcb4和CsPsaL相互作用。这些发现为茶树光诱导叶绿体降解提供了机制见解，并突出了CsCV作为提高作物抗逆性的潜在靶点。

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来源期刊

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

11.10

自引率

3.10%

发文量

410

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes original theoretical, experimental and technical contributions in the various fields of plant physiology (biochemistry, physiology, structure, genetics, plant-microbe interactions, etc.) at diverse levels of integration (molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ, whole plant, environmental). Opinions expressed in the journal are the sole responsibility of the authors and publication does not imply the editors'' agreement. Manuscripts describing molecular-genetic and/or gene expression data that are not integrated with biochemical analysis and/or actual measurements of plant physiological processes are not suitable for PPB. Also "Omics" studies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) reporting descriptive analysis without an element of functional validation assays, will not be considered. Similarly, applied agronomic or phytochemical studies that generate no new, fundamental insights in plant physiological and/or biochemical processes are not suitable for publication in PPB. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes several types of articles: Reviews, Papers and Short Papers. Articles for Reviews are either invited by the editor or proposed by the authors for the editor''s prior agreement. Reviews should not exceed 40 typewritten pages and Short Papers no more than approximately 8 typewritten pages. The fundamental character of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry remains that of a journal for original results.