Examining the legitimacy landscape of the right to tourism

Abstract

Discourses on the legitimacy of the right to tourism are often characterized by complexity and polarization. This study provides an in-depth examination of this discourse, grounded in institutional theory. We present a novel synthesis of key legitimacy perspectives, identifying eight distinct legitimization approaches: nested, purist, discretionary, ethical, social, vulnerability, precautionary, and multilateral. Rather than advocating for or against the right to tourism, this research focuses on understanding the diverse legitimization strategies employed to support differing positions. Furthermore, we introduce a multi-faceted legitimacy framework for assessing legitimacy judgments in tourism policymaking. This framework establishes a spectrum of legitimacy, highlighting a shift from reliance on basic legitimacy considerations toward more nuanced approaches in contemporary debates. We emphasize the importance of achieving at least intermediate levels of legitimacy to ensure long-term policy acceptance and sustainable tourism outcomes. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to develop nuanced and legitimacy-conscious approaches to tourism governance.