Experimental and statistical analysis of CRDI diesel engine powered with carbon black infused nano dairy scum biodiesel blends

IF 6.4 2区工程技术 Q1 THERMODYNAMICS

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2025.106115

Susheel kumar Bijapure , Basavaraj Shrigiri , N.R. Banapurmath , T.M. Yunus Khan , Ashok M. Sajjan , V.N. Gaitonde , C. Ahamed Saleel

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This work explains the experimental and statistical analysis of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with dairy scum oil biodiesel blend (DSOBD B20) which can effectively substitute 20 % of petroleum diesel fuel and avoid massive external foreign exchange enabling fuel saving besides providing energy security to India. This work addresses the SDG 7 by ensuring affordable, reliable and sustainable energy supply for automotive traction besides addressing SDG 13 towards ill effects of climate change and its impacts on environmental pollution as the biodiesel fuels selected are renewable in nature. Accordingly dairy scum oil is transformed into its biodiesel and is mixed with diesel to make its DSOBD B20 blend. DSOBD B20 blend characteristics are modified with infusion of nanoparticles of carbon black (CB). Percentage of CB is varied from 40 % to 120 % by volume insteps of 20 % using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant to produce respective nano-biodiesel blends. Homogeneity of nano-biodiesel blends are evaluated using zeta potential study. CB Nanoparticles in excess of 100 % resulted into agglomeration lowering homogeneity confirmed by inferior zeta potential values. Distribution of higher quantity of nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid media is still posing challenges and need further research. Physio-chemical properties of DSOBD B20 and their nano-biodiesel combinations are compared with diesel. Among the nano-biodiesel blends tested, DSOBD B20 CB100 nano-biodiesel blend fuelled CRDI engine exhibited lower smoke, hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and higher nitric oxide NOx and improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to DSOBD B20 at full load. Combustion characteristics of CRDI engine powered with DSOBD B20 CB100 showed lower ignition delay (ID), combustion duration (CD) and higher peak pressure (PP) and heat release rate HRR as the blend enhanced combustion process compared to DSOBD B20. Response surface methodology (RSM) based nonlinear predictions established reasonable relation between input parameters and proposed attributes with engine output attributes at 95 % confidence interval. RSM analysis predicted optimized CRDI engine performance when powered with DSOBD B20 CB100 blend and for engine parameters of injection timing (IT) 15^oBTDC, injection pressure (IP) 1000 bar, toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber (TRCC) and 8 hole injector with 0.2 mm hole diameter. RSM predicted results were in good agreement with experimental results.

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炭黑注入纳米乳渣生物柴油混合燃料驱动CRDI柴油机的实验与统计分析

这项工作解释了用乳制品渣油生物柴油混合物（DSOBD B20）作为燃料的共轨直喷（CRDI）发动机的实验和统计分析，该发动机可以有效地替代20%的石油柴油燃料，避免大量的外部外汇，从而节省燃料，同时为印度提供能源安全。这项工作通过确保可负担、可靠和可持续的汽车牵引能源供应来解决可持续发展目标7，同时解决可持续发展目标13关于气候变化的不良影响及其对环境污染的影响，因为所选择的生物柴油燃料本质上是可再生的。因此，将乳渣油转化为其生物柴油，并与柴油混合制成其DSOBD B20混合物。通过注入纳米炭黑（CB）来改变DSOBD B20共混物的特性。使用十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）表面活性剂生产相应的纳米生物柴油混合物时，CB的体积百分比从40%到120%不等。利用zeta电位研究评价了纳米生物柴油共混物的均匀性。超过100%的炭黑纳米颗粒会导致团聚，降低均匀性，并由较低的zeta电位值证实。纳米粒子在液体介质中的分布仍然是一个挑战，需要进一步的研究。对DSOBD B20及其纳米生物柴油组合物的理化性质与柴油进行了比较。在测试的纳米生物柴油混合物中，与DSOBD B20相比，DSOBD B20 CB100纳米生物柴油混合物在满载时表现出更低的烟雾、碳氢化合物（HC）、一氧化碳（CO）排放和更高的一氧化氮（NOx）排放，并提高了制动热效率（BTE）。与DSOBD B20相比，使用DSOBD B20 CB100的CRDI发动机的燃烧特性显示出更低的点火延迟（ID）、燃烧持续时间（CD）、更高的峰值压力（PP）和热释放率（HRR）。基于响应面法（RSM）的非线性预测在95%的置信区间内建立了输入参数和建议属性与发动机输出属性之间的合理关系。RSM分析预测，在使用DSOBD B20 CB100混合燃料、发动机参数为喷射正时（IT） 15oBTDC、喷射压力（IP） 1000 bar、环形再入式燃烧室（TRCC）和直径为0.2 mm的8孔喷油器时，CRDI发动机的最佳性能将得到优化。RSM预测结果与实验结果吻合较好。

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来源期刊

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Chemical Engineering-Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

11.80%

发文量

812

审稿时长

76 days

期刊介绍： Case Studies in Thermal Engineering provides a forum for the rapid publication of short, structured Case Studies in Thermal Engineering and related Short Communications. It provides an essential compendium of case studies for researchers and practitioners in the field of thermal engineering and others who are interested in aspects of thermal engineering cases that could affect other engineering processes. The journal not only publishes new and novel case studies, but also provides a forum for the publication of high quality descriptions of classic thermal engineering problems. The scope of the journal includes case studies of thermal engineering problems in components, devices and systems using existing experimental and numerical techniques in the areas of mechanical, aerospace, chemical, medical, thermal management for electronics, heat exchangers, regeneration, solar thermal energy, thermal storage, building energy conservation, and power generation. Case studies of thermal problems in other areas will also be considered.