{"title":"Ammonia two-phase flow through the horizontal and inclined impacting T-junctions","authors":"Vasyl Ruzaikin, Ivan Lukashov, Andrii Breus","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The two-phase ammonia flow through the horizontal and inclined impacting T-junctions has been experimentally studied. The phase separation has been investigated in the ID 4, 6 and 10 mm T-junctions at different saturation temperatures (30 to 65 °C), vapour qualities (0.1 to 0.7) and mass fluxes (50 to 300 kg·m<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>). Two separation patterns in the horizontal impacting T-junctions were observed. The first one, vapour momentum-independent, shows weak sensitivity of the phase separation behaviour on the pressure, inlet vapour quality and mass velocity. The second one, vapour momentum-dependent, is characterised by the region with the equal phase distribution between the T-junction outlets. The transition between the phase separation patterns does not depend on the inlet two-phase flow pattern. A straightforward phenomenological model was proposed for the separation pattern identification and the evaluation of the vapour quality in the outlet branch of the horizontal impacting T-junctions with a feasible accuracy of ±20 %. Downward orientation (-45°, -90°) of the T-junction inlet leads to a higher phase maldistribution between the outlets than the upward and horizontal configuration. The effect degrades with the mass velocity increase and diameter reduction. The inclination of the T-junction outlets regarding the horizontal plane enhances the phase separation, with the vapour-rich mixture going to the top outlet. The effect intensifies with the increase in the inclination angle and the decrease in the T-junction mass flow rate ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"175 ","pages":"Pages 235-244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700725001410","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The two-phase ammonia flow through the horizontal and inclined impacting T-junctions has been experimentally studied. The phase separation has been investigated in the ID 4, 6 and 10 mm T-junctions at different saturation temperatures (30 to 65 °C), vapour qualities (0.1 to 0.7) and mass fluxes (50 to 300 kg·m-2s-1). Two separation patterns in the horizontal impacting T-junctions were observed. The first one, vapour momentum-independent, shows weak sensitivity of the phase separation behaviour on the pressure, inlet vapour quality and mass velocity. The second one, vapour momentum-dependent, is characterised by the region with the equal phase distribution between the T-junction outlets. The transition between the phase separation patterns does not depend on the inlet two-phase flow pattern. A straightforward phenomenological model was proposed for the separation pattern identification and the evaluation of the vapour quality in the outlet branch of the horizontal impacting T-junctions with a feasible accuracy of ±20 %. Downward orientation (-45°, -90°) of the T-junction inlet leads to a higher phase maldistribution between the outlets than the upward and horizontal configuration. The effect degrades with the mass velocity increase and diameter reduction. The inclination of the T-junction outlets regarding the horizontal plane enhances the phase separation, with the vapour-rich mixture going to the top outlet. The effect intensifies with the increase in the inclination angle and the decrease in the T-junction mass flow rate ratio.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Refrigeration is published for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) by Elsevier. It is essential reading for all those wishing to keep abreast of research and industrial news in refrigeration, air conditioning and associated fields. This is particularly important in these times of rapid introduction of alternative refrigerants and the emergence of new technology. The journal has published special issues on alternative refrigerants and novel topics in the field of boiling, condensation, heat pumps, food refrigeration, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, sorptive cooling, phase change materials and slurries, ejector technology, compressors, and solar cooling.
As well as original research papers the International Journal of Refrigeration also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of discussion and controversy. Other features include forthcoming events, conference reports and book reviews.
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