Mercury flows in a cement plant adopting circular economy policies

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114808

Liang Yu Chen , Chia Chi Hsu , Chin Lung Lin , Ming Lun Lu , Hung Lin Chiang , Moo Been Chang

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Abstract

The principle of recycling materials has been adopted as part of the cement industry’s contribution to the transition from linear to circular economy. This study examines mercury flow in a cement plant and investigates the impact of circular economy policies on mercury emissions. The raw material analysis indicate that steel industry sludge is the main mercury source (40.9 %), followed by limestone (23.0 %) and silica sand (13.4 %). Recycled materials, with a mercury content of 0.267 mg/kg, contribute more mercury than raw materials (0.065 mg/kg). The intermediates in the production process enrich mercury, with raw mill fly ash containing 19.7 mg/kg. Mercury output is primarily via flue gas (98.8 %), with a mass flow rate of 16.34 g/hr, while clinker accounts for only 1.1 %. The emission factor from the raw mill stack is 165 mg Hg/ton clinker, higher than those reported in previous studies. The mass balance is 130 %, within the acceptable range (70–130 %). While adopting circular economy policy is beneficial for waste management, it increases overall mercury emission from cement plants, necessitating improved recycled material quality and air pollution control measures.

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采用循环经济政策的水泥厂内的汞流

回收材料的原则已被采用，作为水泥行业对从线性经济向循环经济过渡的贡献的一部分。本研究考察了水泥厂的汞流，并调查了循环经济政策对汞排放的影响。原料分析表明，钢铁工业污泥是主要的汞源（40.9%），其次是石灰石（23.0%）和硅砂（13.4%）。回收材料的汞含量为0.267毫克/公斤，比原材料的汞含量（0.065毫克/公斤）高。生产过程中的中间体富集汞，生磨粉煤灰含汞19.7 mg/kg。汞主要通过烟气排出（98.8%），质量流量为16.34 g/hr，而熟料仅占1.1%。生料堆的排放系数为165 mg Hg/t，高于以往研究报告。质量平衡为130%，在可接受范围内（70 - 130%）。虽然采用循环经济政策有利于废物管理，但它增加了水泥厂的总体汞排放，需要改善回收材料的质量和空气污染控制措施。

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来源期刊

Waste management 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

15.60

自引率

6.20%

发文量

492

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Waste Management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid wastes,it covers the entire lifecycle of solid. wastes. Scope: Addresses solid wastes in both industrialized and economically developing countries Covers various types of solid wastes, including: Municipal (e.g., residential, institutional, commercial, light industrial) Agricultural Special (e.g., C and D, healthcare, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge)