Ligilactobacillus salivarius Lac45 inhibits MRSA and suppresses inflammation in human keratinocyte

Abstract

Dysbiosis, an imbalance in skin microflora, is a key contributor to inflammatory skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis (AD), seborrheic dermatitis (SD), and psoriasis. In AD, Staphylococcus aureus colonization of skin lesions is prevalent approximately 70% of cases, with disease severity positively correlating with bacterial presence. Moreover, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is found in 10–30% of AD skin lesions, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies that target both microbial imbalance and inflammation. This study evaluates Ligilactobacillus salivarius Lac45 (LS-Lac45), a breast milk-derived bacterial strain, for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential in dermatology. We assessed its antimicrobial activity against MRSA using an agar disk-diffusion assay and its anti-inflammatory effects in a peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced inflammation model in HaCaT keratinocytes. To elucidate its mechanisms of action, mass spectrometry was used to analyze protein expression changes in LS-Lac45-treated keratinocytes. Our results demonstrate that live LS-Lac45 effectively inhibits MRSA growth. Additionally, heat-killed LS-Lac45 significantly reduces PGN-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Proteomic analysis further identifies LS-Lac45-mediated modulation of immune-related proteins, including heat shock protein 60, metallothionein 2A, and antioxidant-1, suggesting a role in inflammatory regulation. These findings highlight LS-Lac45 as a candidate for managing MRSA-associated inflammatory skin conditions, particularly AD. While this study provides key insights into its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, further research is needed to evaluate its probiotic characteristics and clinical applicability in dermatology.