Immobilization of zero valent cobalt and tin nanoparticles in sodium alginate/graphitic carbon nitride beads for efficient reduction of organic pollutants

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112320

Muhammad Zaheer , Muhammad Jamshed Latif , Sarmed Ali , Saba Jamil , Shamsa Bibi , Shanza Rauf Khan , M. Abdul Rehman

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study explores nano-remediation as an advanced strategy for the removal of organic pollutants, contributing to sustainable environmental management. Hydrogel nanocomposite beads composed of sodium alginate (Na-alg) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) were synthesized, utilizing Na-alg as a polymeric matrix and g-C₃N₄ as a mechanical support to enhance catalytic surface area and durability. These beads were further functionalized with zero-valent tin (Sn⁰) and cobalt (Co⁰) nanoparticles via a simple ion-immobilization process using metal salt solutions (0.2 M: SnCl₂ and CoCl₂). Characterization techniques, including FTIR, SEM, EDX, and ICP-OES, confirmed the structural integrity, morphology, elemental composition, and nanoparticle loading efficiency. ICP-OES revealed a remarkable 98.8 % decoration efficiency of Sn⁰ on Na-alg/CNBs compared to 32.3 % for Co⁰.

The catalytic performance of the synthesized nanocomposites was assessed in the reduction of various organic pollutants, including rhodamine B (RhB), reactive black 5 (RB-5), methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Sn⁰/Na-alg/CNBs exhibited superior catalytic activity, achieving the highest apparent rate constant (k_app) of 0.1444 min⁻¹ for RhB, attributed to the efficient nanoparticle distribution. Parameters such as k_app, percentage reduction, reduction time, and half-life were systematically analyzed to evaluate and compare performance. This work highlights the potential of Sn⁰ and Co⁰ immobilized Na-alg/CNB nanocomposites as sustainable catalysts for environmental remediation.

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零价钴和锡纳米颗粒在海藻酸钠/石墨氮化碳珠中的固定化用于有效减少有机污染物

本研究探讨了纳米修复作为去除有机污染物的先进策略，有助于可持续的环境管理。以海藻酸钠（Na-alg）和石墨氮化碳（g-C3N4）为聚合物基体，以g-C₃N₄为机械载体，合成了海藻酸钠（Na-alg）和石墨氮化碳（g-C3N4）组成的水凝胶纳米复合微球，提高了催化表面积和耐久性。通过使用金属盐溶液（0.2 M: SnCl2和CoCl2），通过简单的离子固定化工艺，这些微珠被零价锡（Sn0）和钴（Co0）纳米颗粒进一步功能化。表征技术，包括FTIR， SEM， EDX和ICP-OES，证实了结构完整性，形态，元素组成和纳米颗粒负载效率。ICP-OES显示，Sn0在Na-alg/CNBs上的装饰效率为98.8%，而Co0的装饰效率为32.3%。研究了合成的纳米复合材料对罗丹明B （RhB）、活性黑5 （RB-5）、甲基橙（MO）、亚甲基蓝（MB）、2-硝基酚（2-NP）和4-硝基酚（4-NP）等多种有机污染物的催化还原性能。Sn0/Na-alg/CNBs表现出优异的催化活性，对RhB的表观速率常数（kapp）最高，为0.1444 min−1，这归功于高效的纳米颗粒分布。系统分析kapp、还原百分比、还原时间和半衰期等参数，以评估和比较性能。这项工作强调了Sn0和Co0固定化Na-alg/CNB纳米复合材料作为环境修复可持续催化剂的潜力。

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来源期刊

Diamond and Related Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

14.60%

发文量

702

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： DRM is a leading international journal that publishes new fundamental and applied research on all forms of diamond, the integration of diamond with other advanced materials and development of technologies exploiting diamond. The synthesis, characterization and processing of single crystal diamond, polycrystalline films, nanodiamond powders and heterostructures with other advanced materials are encouraged topics for technical and review articles. In addition to diamond, the journal publishes manuscripts on the synthesis, characterization and application of other related materials including diamond-like carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron and carbon nitrides. Articles are sought on the chemical functionalization of diamond and related materials as well as their use in electrochemistry, energy storage and conversion, chemical and biological sensing, imaging, thermal management, photonic and quantum applications, electron emission and electronic devices. The International Conference on Diamond and Carbon Materials has evolved into the largest and most well attended forum in the field of diamond, providing a forum to showcase the latest results in the science and technology of diamond and other carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and diamond-like carbon. Run annually in association with Diamond and Related Materials the conference provides junior and established researchers the opportunity to exchange the latest results ranging from fundamental physical and chemical concepts to applied research focusing on the next generation carbon-based devices.