Micromechanical study on freeze-thaw cycling hygromechanical properties of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite prepreg filaments for 3D printing

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112529

Long Fu , Weijun Zhu , Jinshan Li , Yingying Zhang , Quan Zhi , Peng Yu , Zhikun Zhang , Wang Ning , Shiping Ouyang , Dongsheng Li

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Abstract

Continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites are widely used in aviation, aerospace, and automotive applications due to the high specific strength, modulus, and design flexibility. However, their properties are susceptible to damage in extreme environments. This study investigates the microscopic property changes of 3D printing thermoplastic composites in service environments with freeze-thaw cycling. we have established the relationship between interfacial crack damage in composites and the mechanical properties of sub-mm-scale prepreg fibers through experiment and simulation.

By analysis of grayscale of AFM modulus map, the interfacial crack (interfacial porosity) size evolution law at the fiber-resin matrix interface was investigated. At the micro-scale, the degree of damage at the interface is strongly correlated with the shear properties of the interface, which were derived from micro-debonding experiments. At the sub-mm-scale, the mechanical properties of flexural and axial compressive strengths are sensitive to the extent of interfacial crack damage, as numerical simulation results have also predicted. Conversely, axial tensile strength is minimally affected. Furthermore, it was found that the mechanical properties of the prepreg filaments decreased significantly after re-absorption of water after freeze-thaw cycling, especially the flexural and axial compression properties decreased by 73.2 % and 92.8 %, respectively.

Therefore, this paper designed carbon fiber/polyamide-covered-polypropylene (CF/PA-PP) water-resistant prepreg filaments with core-shell structure to reduce water absorption. The core-shell CF/PA-PP filament's mechanics are comparable to those of the CF/PA filament, with strengths of 2010.2 MPa, 1081.2 MPa, and 427.0 MPa, and it has reduced water absorption from 6.8 % to 0.4 %, demonstrating its promising application in the field of 3D printing of water-resistant thermoplastic composites.

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3D打印用连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料预浸长丝冻融循环湿力学性能的微观力学研究

连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料因其高比强度、模量和设计灵活性而广泛应用于航空、航天和汽车领域。然而，它们的性能在极端环境中容易受到破坏。研究了3D打印热塑性复合材料在冻融循环使用环境下的微观性能变化。通过实验和模拟，建立了复合材料界面裂纹损伤与亚毫米级预浸纤维力学性能之间的关系。通过对AFM模量图的灰度分析，研究了纤维-树脂基体界面处界面裂纹（界面孔隙）尺寸的演化规律。在微观尺度上，界面的损伤程度与界面的剪切性能密切相关，这是由微观剥离实验得出的。在亚毫米尺度下，界面裂纹损伤程度对弯曲和轴向抗压强度的力学性能非常敏感，数值模拟结果也预测了这一点。相反，轴向抗拉强度受影响最小。冻融循环后再吸水后，预浸丝的力学性能明显下降，其中抗弯和轴压性能分别下降73.2%和92.8%。因此，本文设计了具有核壳结构的碳纤维/聚酰胺覆盖聚丙烯（CF/PA-PP）防水预浸长丝，以降低吸水率。芯壳型CF/PA- pp长丝的力学性能与CF/PA长丝相当，强度分别为2010.2 MPa、1081.2 MPa和427.0 MPa，吸水率从6.8%降至0.4%，在防水热塑性复合材料3D打印领域具有广阔的应用前景。

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来源期刊

Composites Part B: Engineering 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

24.40

自引率

11.50%

发文量

784

审稿时长

21 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part B: Engineering is a journal that publishes impactful research of high quality on composite materials. This research is supported by fundamental mechanics and materials science and engineering approaches. The targeted research can cover a wide range of length scales, ranging from nano to micro and meso, and even to the full product and structure level. The journal specifically focuses on engineering applications that involve high performance composites. These applications can range from low volume and high cost to high volume and low cost composite development. The main goal of the journal is to provide a platform for the prompt publication of original and high quality research. The emphasis is on design, development, modeling, validation, and manufacturing of engineering details and concepts. The journal welcomes both basic research papers and proposals for review articles. Authors are encouraged to address challenges across various application areas. These areas include, but are not limited to, aerospace, automotive, and other surface transportation. The journal also covers energy-related applications, with a focus on renewable energy. Other application areas include infrastructure, off-shore and maritime projects, health care technology, and recreational products.