Inhalation exposure to indoor air pollutants during moderate- and high-intensity physical exercise in commercial fitness microenvironments

IF 7.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Building and Environment Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112967

Cátia Peixoto , Maria do Carmo Pereira , Simone Morais , Klara Slezakova

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Physical exercise benefits are known, but exposure data across different exercise environments, and activities remain limited. This study estimated indoor air concentrations and inhalation doses of gaseous (total volatile organic compounds – TVOCs, CO₂) and particulate (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and ultrafine – 20–1000 nm) pollutants during highly–intense (spinning, dance fitness, and total body workout - TBW) and moderately–intense (body & mind, muscle group-specific and self-defence techniques) in 138 exercise group classes. The USEPA methodology was used to assess inhalation doses across different ages (3 – <61 years old) and genders. CO₂ (mean±SD) ranged from 1368±19 mg/m³ (in TBW) – 2727±32 mg/m³ (self-defence-adults), with the protection threshold (2250 mg/m³) being exceeded in adult self-defence classes. TVOCs exceeded 4–18 times protective limits (0.6 mg/m³) in all classes (mean±SD: 2.49±0.06 mg/m³ in body & mind – 10.62±0.53 mg/m³ in self-defence adults). Across different activities, PM widely varied (mean±SD: PM₁₀=20.8 ± 0.3 – 220.8 ± 9.7 µg/m³; PM_2.5 = 9.1 ± 0.3 – 63.5 ± 1.3 µg/m³; UFP=6267±72 – 9917±224 #/cm³) with especially PM₁₀ higher during vigorous human movements; 1.1–4.4 and 1.1–2.5 times exceeding the protective threshold (PM₁₀: 50 µg/m³; PM_2.5: 25 µg/m³) for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, respectively. High-intensity classes led to 1.1 (16 to <21 yrs) – 1.5 (31 to <41 yrs) times higher total inhalation doses (i.e., ΣD=D_PM10+D_CO2 +D_TVOCs) than moderate-intensity classes, and ΣD for men was higher (1–8 % in high- and moderate-intensity, respectively) than for women. Finally, ΣD of child population in self-defence classes were up to 1.99 times higher than those of adults (in self-defence class) of both genders.

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商业健身微环境中高强度体育锻炼期间吸入暴露于室内空气污染物

体育锻炼的好处是众所周知的，但不同运动环境和活动的暴露数据仍然有限。本研究估算了高强度运动（动感单车、舞蹈健身和全身锻炼）和中等强度运动（身体锻炼）时室内空气中气态（总挥发性有机化合物- TVOCs、CO2）和颗粒物（PM10、PM2.5和超细颗粒物- 20-1000 nm）污染物的浓度和吸入剂量。心理，肌肉群特异性和自卫技术)在138个运动组课程。使用USEPA方法评估不同年龄（3 - 61岁）和性别的吸入剂量。二氧化碳（平均±SD）范围为1368±19 mg/m3 (TBW) - 2727±32 mg/m3（自卫-成人），成人自卫类别超过保护阈值（2250 mg/m3）。所有类别的TVOCs均超过保护限值（0.6 mg/m3）的4-18倍（平均±SD: 2.49±0.06 mg/m3）；心理- 10.62±0.53毫克/立方米（自卫成人）。在不同的活动中，PM差异很大(平均±SD: PM10=20.8±0.3 - 220.8±9.7µg/m3；PM2.5 = 9.1±0.3 ~ 63.5±1.3µg/m3；UFP=6267±72 ~ 9917±224 #/cm3)，特别是在剧烈运动时PM10更高；超过保护阈值的1.1 ~ 4.4倍和1.1 ~ 2.5倍(PM10: 50µg/m3；PM2.5: PM10和PM2.5分别为25µg/m3。高强度类别导致的总吸入剂量（即ΣD=DPM10+DCO2 +DTVOCs）比中等强度类别高1.1倍（16至21岁）至1.5倍（31至41岁），男性的ΣD比女性高（高强度和中等强度分别为1 - 8%）。最后，自卫班儿童人口ΣD比男女成人（自卫班）高1.99倍。

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来源期刊

Building and Environment 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

12.50

自引率

23.00%

发文量

1130

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Building and Environment, an international journal, is dedicated to publishing original research papers, comprehensive review articles, editorials, and short communications in the fields of building science, urban physics, and human interaction with the indoor and outdoor built environment. The journal emphasizes innovative technologies and knowledge verified through measurement and analysis. It covers environmental performance across various spatial scales, from cities and communities to buildings and systems, fostering collaborative, multi-disciplinary research with broader significance.