Green synthesis of nanoparticles for enhanced wastewater treatment and other applications: A review and future perspectives

Abstract

Nanotechnology is the inventive technology of the twenty-first century, and nanomaterials have attracted significant attention from researchers around the globe.Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising exploration trend in green nanotechnology as this method is less toxic, environmentally friendly, robust, proficient, and inexpensive as compared to other conventional physical and chemical methods. It can create materials with peculiar and strange qualities that have never been known to mankind before. Many physicochemical techniques are often castoff to generate nanoparticles (NPs). Recent advances and challenges about this nanocatalyst and nanomaterials and their potential applications in wastewater treatment and water purification are highlighted, including toxicity and biosafety concerns. The present review outlines the developments and issues pertaining to the exploitation of these nanomaterials bestowed to wastewater treatment and photocatalytic activities from the last ten years. The knowledge of adsorption is discovered, and varieties of nano-adsorbents that are commonly used in the treatment of waste water have been carefully inspected. The types of contaminants that nano adsorbents may remove are also covered in the paper, with an emphasis on the nano adsorbent’s renewal. Due to its beneficial environmental uses, including the removal of dangerous pollutants and the production of sustainable energy, photocatalysis has received a lot of attention.