Biological maturation and sex differences of cholinergic sweating in prepubertal children to young adults

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1111/nyas.15331

Tatsuro Amano, Sota Yasuda, Shotaro Yokoyama, Shoma Oshima, Yumi Okamoto, Junto Otsuka, Hanano Kato, Yoko Kunimasa, Takako Hiwa, Naoto Fujii, Glen P. Kenny, Yuri Hosokawa, Toby Mündel, Narihiko Kondo, Yoshimitsu Inoue

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Abstract

Compared to adults, prepubertal children exhibit underdeveloped cholinergic sweating. How maturation affects cholinergic sweating through early adulthood remains unclear. We assessed the influence of age and sex on cholinergic sweating, including seasonal acclimatization, in groups of prepubescent to young adult males and females. A total of 405 children and adolescents (ages 6‐17; 229 boys and 176 girls) and 52 young adults (ages 18‐25; 25 males and 27 females) underwent pilocarpine iontophoresis on the ventral forearm to induce cholinergic sweating during summer (n = 111) and non‐summer (n = 457). Sweat gland output, calculated as sweat rate divided by activated sweat gland density, was compared between sexes and across age groups in 2‐year intervals until age 17. We observed statistically significant sex‐related differences in sweat gland output in children as young as 8‐9 years of age, with even greater differences between sexes in groups 14‐15 years of age and older. The changes in cholinergic sweating function occurred independently of maturational changes in body morphology. Our results offer insight into the sex differences in cholinergic sweating activity during maturation from childhood to adolescence.

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青春期前儿童与青壮年胆碱能出汗的生物学成熟及性别差异

与成人相比，青春期前的儿童表现出不发达的胆碱能出汗。成熟如何影响成年早期的胆碱能出汗尚不清楚。我们评估了年龄和性别对胆碱能出汗的影响，包括季节性适应，在青春期前对年轻成年男性和女性的群体中。共有405名儿童和青少年(6 - 17岁；229名男孩和176名女孩)和52名年轻人(18 - 25岁；在夏季（n = 111）和非夏季（n = 457）， 25名男性和27名女性在前臂腹侧进行了匹罗卡品离子导入，以诱导胆碱能出汗。以出汗率除以激活的汗腺密度计算的汗腺输出量，以2年的间隔在性别和年龄组之间进行比较，直到17岁。我们观察到8 - 9岁儿童的汗腺分泌量存在统计学上显著的性别差异，14 - 15岁及以上儿童的汗腺分泌量存在更大的性别差异。胆碱能排汗功能的变化独立于身体形态的成熟变化。我们的研究结果为从儿童期到青春期成熟过程中胆碱能出汗活动的性别差异提供了见解。

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来源期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

CiteScore

11.00

自引率

1.90%

发文量

193

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Published on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences provides multidisciplinary perspectives on research of current scientific interest with far-reaching implications for the wider scientific community and society at large. Each special issue assembles the best thinking of key contributors to a field of investigation at a time when emerging developments offer the promise of new insight. Individually themed, Annals special issues stimulate new ways to think about science by providing a neutral forum for discourse—within and across many institutions and fields.