Exploring glymphatic system alterations in iRBD and Parkinson’s disease using automated DTI-ALPS analysis

Abstract

Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) is a potential non-invasive marker of glymphatic function that typically relies on manual region of interest (ROI) placement. This study compared ALPS indices in treatment-naïve, de novo diagnosed patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), patients with isolated REM behavior disorder (iRBD), and healthy controls using both manual and automatic approaches to the ROI selection used in ALPS-index calculation. ALPS indices were analyzed bilaterally and correlated with clinical severity (MDS-UPDRS) and nigrostriatal denervation (DAT-SPECT). ANCOVA revealed significant inter-group differences using both manual (p = 0.018) and automatic (p = 0.002) ROI selection methods. The automatic ROI selection approach showed significantly lower ALPS indices in PD compared to controls (p = 0.001) and iRBD (p = 0.009). ALPS indices correlated with symptom severity and nigrostriatal denervation. These findings underscore the reliability of the automatic ROI placement approach for ALPS index calculation and may indicate early glymphatic alterations in Parkinson’s disease.