The role of histological stains in aquaculture and fisheries development technology

Abstract

Improper husbandry techniques, environmental pollution, fluctuating weather conditions, and shifting market dynamics pose significant challenges to aquaculture and fisheries production, making fish more susceptible to diseases. Understanding and characterizing the interventions involved in disease outbreaks are crucial, as they can lead to significant financial losses in the aquaculture and fisheries sectors. Histopathology plays a vital role in fish disease diagnosis, as it involves the microscopic examination of tissue abnormalities. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue preparation procedures for aquatic organisms and provide a historical review of tissue staining techniques. Over time, histopathological staining methods have advanced, leading to the development of simpler, more precise, and more efficient techniques. While newer genetic, non-culture, immunostaining, and other advanced staining methods have largely replaced traditional staining procedures, several older techniques remain in use. To enhance their effectiveness, modern histological stains are being modified and combined with other staining methods. Additionally, emerging fields like proteomics can complement traditional approaches, such as pathogen identification and histological examination, to achieve more accurate disease diagnoses in aquaculture and fisheries.