{"title":"Novel terahertz biosensor integrating MXene/black phosphorus/graphene on metasurface architecture for enhanced pregnancy detection","authors":"Jacob Wekalao, Oumaymah Elamri","doi":"10.1007/s11082-025-08205-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an innovative terahertz biosensor design incorporating MXene, black phosphorus, and graphene on a metasurface architecture for pregnancy detection. The sensor features simple resonator arrays including rectangular, plus-shaped, and circular ring resonators, optimized for enhanced sensitivity in the terahertz regime. Operating at frequencies around 0.39 THz, the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 1000 GHzRIU<sup>− 1</sup>, with a figure of merit reaching 19.231 RIU⁻¹. The design demonstrates consistent performance with a quality factor of approximately 7.5 and detection accuracy of 19.231 RIU⁻¹. Machine learning optimization using 1D Convolutional Neural Networks achieved predictive accuracy with R² values of 94–96%. This high-performance biosensor represents a significant advancement in non-invasive pregnancy detection technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11082-025-08205-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study presents an innovative terahertz biosensor design incorporating MXene, black phosphorus, and graphene on a metasurface architecture for pregnancy detection. The sensor features simple resonator arrays including rectangular, plus-shaped, and circular ring resonators, optimized for enhanced sensitivity in the terahertz regime. Operating at frequencies around 0.39 THz, the sensor achieves a sensitivity of 1000 GHzRIU− 1, with a figure of merit reaching 19.231 RIU⁻¹. The design demonstrates consistent performance with a quality factor of approximately 7.5 and detection accuracy of 19.231 RIU⁻¹. Machine learning optimization using 1D Convolutional Neural Networks achieved predictive accuracy with R² values of 94–96%. This high-performance biosensor represents a significant advancement in non-invasive pregnancy detection technology.
期刊介绍：
Optical and Quantum Electronics provides an international forum for the publication of original research papers, tutorial reviews and letters in such fields as optical physics, optical engineering and optoelectronics. Special issues are published on topics of current interest.
Optical and Quantum Electronics is published monthly. It is concerned with the technology and physics of optical systems, components and devices, i.e., with topics such as: optical fibres; semiconductor lasers and LEDs; light detection and imaging devices; nanophotonics; photonic integration and optoelectronic integrated circuits; silicon photonics; displays; optical communications from devices to systems; materials for photonics (e.g. semiconductors, glasses, graphene); the physics and simulation of optical devices and systems; nanotechnologies in photonics (including engineered nano-structures such as photonic crystals, sub-wavelength photonic structures, metamaterials, and plasmonics); advanced quantum and optoelectronic applications (e.g. quantum computing, memory and communications, quantum sensing and quantum dots); photonic sensors and bio-sensors; Terahertz phenomena; non-linear optics and ultrafast phenomena; green photonics.
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