Use of Allium Cepa Test in the Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Sanitary Sewage at Different Stages of Treatment in Two Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP)

IF 3.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07985-1

Thaíse Camargo da Silva, Kelly Geronazzo Martins, Eliane Carvalho de Vasconcelos, Bárbara Zanicotti Leite, Tatiane Martins de Assis, Ana Cláudia Barana

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the ecotoxicity of effluent from two WWTPs that use different biological technologies to treat the sewage: i) anaerobic treatment (ANA), and ii) aerobic treatment (AER) as the main system operation, using A. cepa as test organism. The samples were analyzed for their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potentials. It was found that influent of the both WWTPs exhibited cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic indicators comparable to the positive control, which was conducted using the herbicide Trifuralin. The treated sewage from both WWTPs met the release standards for COD (chemical oxygen demand), under 250.0 mg/L, and NH₄-N, under 20.0 N mg/L, required by current legislation for industrial effluent. The results indicated that effluent from AER presented 11.5 ± 0.5% of mitotic index (MI), 0.3 ± 0.5% of chromosomal aberrations (CAI) and 0% of mutagenicity (Muti), these results are statistically equal to the negative control treatment, conducted with distilled water. The effluent from WWTP ANA showed 10.7% of MI, statistically lower than the negative control, 0.4 ± 0.1% of CAI and 0% Muti, statistically equal to that presented by the negative control. It was concluded that both aerobic and anaerobic biologic technologies were effective in meeting the discharge standards established by legislation and in reducing the ecotoxicological potential of sanitary sewage, highlighting the importance of wastewater treatment in the prevention of diseases and environmental damage.

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大蒜Cepa试验在两个城市污水处理厂不同处理阶段生活污水生态毒理学评价中的应用

本研究以A. cepa为试验生物，对采用厌氧处理（ANA）和好氧处理（AER）两种不同生物技术处理污水的污水处理厂出水的生态毒性进行了评价和比较。分析样品的细胞毒性、基因毒性和致突变潜能。结果发现，两种污水处理剂的细胞毒性、基因毒性和诱变指标与使用除草剂三氟灵进行的阳性对照相当。两个污水处理厂处理后的污水均达到现行工业废水立法要求的COD（化学需氧量）和NH4-N（化学需氧量）排放标准，分别低于250.0 mg/L和20.0 N mg/L。结果表明，AER出水有丝分裂指数（MI）为11.5±0.5%，染色体畸变（CAI）为0.3±0.5%，致突变性（Muti）为0%，与用蒸馏水进行阴性对照处理的结果具有统计学意义上的相等。污水处理厂ANA出水MI为10.7%，低于阴性对照组，CAI为0.4±0.1%，Muti为0%，与阴性对照组相当。结论是，好氧和厌氧生物技术在满足立法规定的排放标准和减少生活污水的生态毒理学潜力方面都是有效的，突出了废水处理在预防疾病和环境破坏方面的重要性。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.