A profiling of faecal parasites in horses in Mauritius and resistance to Fenbendazole at one horse-riding stable

IF 1.4 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101261

N. Nayeelah Golamgouse

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Abstract

Mauritius hosts a population of approximately 900 equids, but no investigations have delved into issues such as the prevalence of equine helminths, anthelmintic usage, and resistance emergence.

This study aimed to devise a qualitative and quantitative profile of common helminthic intestinal parasites in equines at eight out of twenty-eight stables (272 horses, 29 % of local population) and to determine whether helminthic intestinal parasites in equines at one stable have developed resistance to Fenbendazole by quantitatively assessing pre-treatment faecal egg counts, post-treatment faecal egg counts and percentage faecal egg count reduction (%FECR).

Targeted parasites included Parascaris equorum, strongyles (Cyathostomum spp. and Strongylus spp.), Fasciola hepatica, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Trichostrongylus axei, and Strongyloides westeri, identified based on their morphological characteristics and relative size.

Results indicated a prevalence for P. equorum in 31 % and strongyles in 22 % of horses sampled. No other helminth eggs were detected in any of the samples studied. Quantitative analysis, employing the McMaster Technique for faecal egg count (FEC), revealed that 99 % and 98 % of horses sampled exhibited FEC < 200 eggs per gram (epg) for P. equorum and strongyles respectively, categorizing them as low shedders by AAEP standards. Two percent of horses were classified as moderate strongyle egg shedders (between 200 and 500 epg), and 0 % were high strongyle egg shedders (more than 500 epg). For P. equorum, 0.4 % of horses were categorized as moderate egg shedders and 0.4 % were high egg shedders. No significant correlations were discerned between FEC and stable parameters such as location and size.

At one stable, fenbendazole (FBZ) was administered orally at a dosage of 5 mg/kg via stomach tube to 24 equids. Pre-treatment FEC values were compared to post-treatment FECs taken 14 days after anthelmintic administration, with the %FECR computed. Mean %FECR and adjusted mean %FECR for P. equorum were 91 % and 92 % respectively, which suggested drug efficacy. For strongyle, mean %FECR and adjusted mean %FECR were 59 % and 98 % respectively, which also seemingly supported the hypothesis of lack of resistance. Bayesian analysis however, revealed only a 63 % probability (i.e. <95 %) that true reduction exceeds 90 %. The findings suggested the presence or imminent presence of resistance to fenbendazole at this stable and emphasized the imperative for judicious anthelmintic administration coupled with a surveillance-oriented approach to mitigate resistance emergence in other stables. Furthermore, the pressing need to adopt alternative integrated control measures is emphasized, reflecting the urgency in addressing this burgeoning challenge in equine health management.

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毛里求斯马粪便寄生虫的分析和在一个马厩对苯达唑的耐药性

毛里求斯拥有大约900只马科动物，但没有深入调查马科蠕虫的流行、驱虫剂的使用和耐药性的出现等问题。本研究旨在对28个马厩中的8个（272匹马，占当地人口的29%）的马常见肠道寄生虫进行定性和定量分析，并通过定量评估治疗前的粪卵计数、治疗后的粪卵计数和粪卵计数减少百分比（%FECR），确定其中一个马厩的马肠道寄生虫是否对芬苯达唑产生耐药性。根据形态特征和相对大小鉴定的目标寄生虫包括马鞭虫、圆形虫（Cyathostomum spp.和圆形虫spp.）、肝片吸虫、arnfieldictyocaulus arnfieldi、axei毛圆形虫和westeryloides。结果表明，31%的马有马弓形虫，22%的马有圆形虫。在研究的任何样本中都没有发现其他的蠕虫卵。采用麦克马斯特技术进行粪卵计数（FEC）的定量分析显示，99%和98%的马表现出FEC和FEC；equorum和strongyles分别为每克200个蛋，根据AAEP标准将它们归类为低产量。2%的马被归类为中度流蛋量（200至500 epg）， 0%的马被归类为高流蛋量（超过500 epg）。对于马种，0.4%的马被归类为中度产蛋，0.4%的马被归类为高产蛋。FEC与稳定参数（如位置和大小）之间无显著相关性。在一个马厩，24匹马经胃管口服芬苯达唑（FBZ），剂量为5 mg/kg。将处理前的FEC值与给药后14天的FEC值进行比较，并计算%FECR。equum的平均%FECR和调整后的平均%FECR分别为91%和92%，表明该药有疗效。对于strongyle，平均%FECR和调整后的平均%FECR分别为59%和98%，这似乎也支持了缺乏阻力的假设。然而，贝叶斯分析显示，只有63%的概率（即<； 95%），真正的减少超过90%。研究结果表明，该马厩存在或即将出现对芬苯达唑的耐药性，并强调了明智的驱虫给药以及以监测为导向的方法以减轻其他马厩出现的耐药性的必要性。此外，迫切需要采取替代综合控制措施强调，反映了在马健康管理中解决这一新兴挑战的紧迫性。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

7.10%

发文量

126

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports focuses on aspects of veterinary parasitology that are of regional concern, which is especially important in this era of climate change and the rapid and often unconstrained travel of people and animals. Relative to regions, this journal will accept papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites within the field of veterinary medicine. Also, case reports will be considered as they add to information related to local disease and its control; such papers must be concise and represent appropriate medical intervention. Papers on veterinary parasitology from wildlife species are acceptable, but only if they relate to the practice of veterinary medicine. Studies on vector-borne bacterial and viral agents are suitable, but only if the paper deals with vector transmission of these organisms to domesticated animals. Studies dealing with parasite control by means of natural products, both in vivo and in vitro, are more suited for one of the many journals that now specialize in papers of this type. However, due to the regional nature of much of this research, submissions may be considered based upon a case being made by the author(s) to the Editor. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals as issued by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o W.H.O., Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).