Lupus eritematoso sistémico (II). Estrategias terapéuticas

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, multisystem autoimmune disease with variable symptoms that hinder its diagnosis and treatment. Its management seeks to control inflammation, prevent organ damage, improve prognosis, and ensure a better quality of life for people with SLE. This requires an approach that is personalized, adapted to the needs of each patient, and multidisciplinary, with the aim of optimizing disease control. General measures include solar protection, regular exercise, a balanced diet, vitamin D supplementation, and not smoking. In regard to pharmacological treatment, hydroxychloroquine is essential as first-line therapy, while glucocorticoids have a role as a “bridge therapy,” and their use should be minimized. The latest EULAR 2023 recommendations promote the early use of immunosuppressants and biologics according to severity and clinical manifestations. Biologic therapies, such as belimumab and anifrolumab, are important advances in the therapeutic strategy for SLE. The approach to a patient with SLE should be comprehensive and include prevention of complications and management of associated comorbidities.