Additive manufacturing of continuous regenerated cellulose fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites using in-situ impregnation material extrusion technique

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI:10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100594

Nishant Jain , Mathias Czasny , Till Butzmann , Delf Kober , David Karl , David Schmiedjell , Sabine Hild , Aleksander Gurlo

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Abstract

This study explores an innovative approach to additively manufacture 100 % bio-derived, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with continuous regenerated cellulose fibres (RCFs) using an in-situ infiltration material extrusion technique. The impact of fiber crystallinity, surface properties, cross-sectional geometry and PLA's thermal and rheological behaviour is analysed. Single fiber pull-out test (SFPT) is utilised to evaluate fibre-matrix interactions, while tensile and flexural properties are assessed in conjunction with void analysis via optical and AFM micrographs. The results show that Biomid fibres, which exhibit ∼65 % crystallinity, demonstrate ∼31 % higher apparent interfacial shear strength (IFSS) compared to Cordenka fibres, which exhibit ∼42 % crystallinity. Furthermore, Biomid-PLA composites show a substantial increase in tensile strength, reaching ∼290 % higher and tensile modulus reaching ∼470 % higher than unreinforced PLA. In addition, the flexural strength and modulus of the Biomid-PLA composite increased by ∼71 % and ∼120 %, compared to unreinforced PLA.

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本研究探索了一种创新方法，即利用原位浸润材料挤压技术，添加制造由连续再生纤维素纤维（RCFs）增强的 100% 生物衍生、可生物降解聚乳酸（PLA）。分析了纤维结晶度、表面特性、横截面几何形状以及聚乳酸热和流变行为的影响。利用单纤维拉出试验（SFPT）评估纤维与基质之间的相互作用，同时通过光学和原子力显微镜显微照片结合空隙分析评估拉伸和弯曲性能。结果表明，与结晶度为 42% 的 Cordenka 纤维相比，结晶度为 65% 的 Biomid 纤维的表观界面剪切强度（IFSS）高出 31%。此外，与未增强的聚乳酸相比，Biomid-PLA 复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高了 290%和 470%。此外，与未增强聚乳酸相比，Biomid-PLA 复合材料的抗弯强度和模量分别提高了 71 % 和 120 %。

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